Healthy Infant Growth: What Are the Trade-Offs in the Developed World?

2013 ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy B. Belfort ◽  
Matthew W. Gillman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Growth ◽  
Healthy Infant ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Developed World

Urban Parents’ Perceptions of Healthy Infant Growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Sullivan ◽  
Kelly R. Leite ◽  
Michele L. Shaffer ◽  
Leann L. Birch ◽  
Ian M. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Infant Growth ◽  
Healthy Infant ◽  
Urban Parents

The Economics of the Naturalist Food Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Rausser ◽  
Steven Sexton ◽  
David Zilberman
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Industrial Agriculture ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Credence Attributes ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Conventional Paradigm

Challenges to the conventional paradigm have isolated industrial agriculture from consumer segments exhibiting preferences for a growing array of credence attributes, including organic, locally produced, and raised using humane livestock and poultry practices. This review surveys the empirical evidence on the economic impact of the alternative to the conventional industrial agriculture paradigm that motivates these growing market segments. We define this alternative the Naturalist Paradigm. While more research is needed to completely assess the impacts of specific naturalist responses, current findings demonstrate that restrictions on industrial practices imposed by policy or consumer preferences sacrifice productivity, thereby imposing environmental costs and raising food prices. Such restrictions may also reduce choice sets of consumers, impeding consumer and producer welfare gains. The intended benefits of such practices for human, animal, or environmental well-being must be weighed against the costs they impose. Trade-offs imposed by such practices suggest that their contributions to obesity reduction in the developed world, alleviation of hunger and malnutrition among poor populations, and avoidance of environmental pollution and biodiversity loss are highly uncertain.

Novel players fine-tune plant trade-offs

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Gimenez-Ibanez ◽  
Marta Boter ◽  
Roberto Solano
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Feedback Loop ◽  
Fine Tune

Jasmonates (JAs) are essential signalling molecules that co-ordinate the plant response to biotic and abiotic challenges, as well as co-ordinating several developmental processes. Huge progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the components and mechanisms that govern JA perception and signalling. The bioactive form of the hormone, (+)-7-iso-jasmonyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), is perceived by the COI1–JAZ co-receptor complex. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins also act as direct repressors of transcriptional activators such as MYC2. In the emerging picture of JA-Ile perception and signalling, COI1 operates as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that upon binding of JA-Ile targets JAZ repressors for degradation by the 26S proteasome, thereby derepressing transcription factors such as MYC2, which in turn activate JA-Ile-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. It is noteworthy that MYCs and different spliced variants of the JAZ proteins are involved in a negative regulatory feedback loop, which suggests a model that rapidly turns the transcriptional JA-Ile responses on and off and thereby avoids a detrimental overactivation of the pathway. This chapter highlights the most recent advances in our understanding of JA-Ile signalling, focusing on the latest repertoire of new targets of JAZ proteins to control different sets of JA-Ile-mediated responses, novel mechanisms of negative regulation of JA-Ile signalling, and hormonal cross-talk at the molecular level that ultimately determines plant adaptability and survival.

Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Emil Wetter ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Klaus Jonas ◽  
Klaus-Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

Traits and trade-offs are insufficient for evolutionary personality psychology.

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennon M. Sheldon ◽  
Melanie S. Sheldon ◽  
Charles P. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Trade Offs

Trade-offs Between Economic and Social Goals

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Arora ◽  
David H. Krantz ◽  
David Hardisty ◽  
Nicole Peterson ◽  
Kavita Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Social Goals ◽  
Trade Offs
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