Growth Hormone and Cell Growth

2012 ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Waters ◽  
Andrew J. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Growth

scholarly journals Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Analogues: Significance for MSCs-Mediated Angiogenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyang Xia ◽  
Quanwei Tao ◽  
Qunchao Ma ◽  
Huiqiang Chen ◽  
Jian’an Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Angiogenic Potential ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Signaling Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine because of their multipotency, immune-privilege, and paracrine properties including the potential to promote angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the inherent properties of cytoprotection and tissue repair by native MSCs can be enhanced by various preconditioning stimuli implemented prior to cell transplantation. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a stimulator in extrahypothalamus systems including tumors, has attracted great attentions in recent years because GHRH and its agonists could promote angiogenesis in various tissues. GHRH and its agonists are proangiogenic in responsive tissues including tumors, and GHRH antagonists have been tested as antitumor agents through their ability to suppress angiogenesis and cell growth. GHRH-R is expressed by MSCs and evolving work from our laboratory indicates that treatment of MSCs with GHRH agonists prior to cell transplantation markedly enhanced the angiogenic potential and tissue reparative properties of MSCs through a STAT3 signaling pathway. In this review we summarized the possible effects of GHRH analogues on cell growth and development, as well as on the proangiogenic properties of MSCs. We also discussed the relationship between GHRH analogues and MSC-mediated angiogenesis. The analyses provide new insights into molecular pathways of MSCs-based therapies and their augmentation by GHRH analogues.

CELLULAR GROWTH HORMONES, NUTRITION, AND TIME

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Donald B. Cheek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Number Of Cells

For many years the study of growth has rested mainly on the application of anthropometric techniques and the measurement of height and weight. A few years ago Tanner9 correctly pointed out that studies on body composition were mainly related to body weight and, therefore, added little to the thinking. A more penetrating approach to the study of growth was recommended.2 The present approach,11 documented in part here, has been to apply biochemical and physiological techniques for the measurement of body cell mass, cell size, cell number and, to some extent, cell function. Body function and heat production as well as maturational age have been of concern. These studies have been made in the same children at tile same time. It is anticipated that inspection of these three dimensions of growth, size, function, and maturational age should help to elucidate problems related to growth retardation. In the clinic it is possible to predict cell-extracellular mass of children by applying equations based on relationships between body composition and height and weight. We began by presenting information on growth of muscle and the differences between the sexes with the progress of time and with respect to size and number of cells. Increments in growth rate of the male at adolescence were found. Such differences in cell growth must be related to some extent to the restrictive action of estrogens on cell multiplication in the female and to the stimulating action of androgens in the male. Growth hormone is an important hormone for the multiplication of cells, while insulin is of importance to protein synthesis. Both hormones are needed for growth. Thyroid hormone appears to play a secondary role but is important to protein synthesis especially in early postnatal life. The energy requirement for normal growth is only slightly above the basal state and the visceral cell mass is the most direct standard of reference for heat production. Restriction of nutrition can either retard growth in the size of cells, in the number of cells, or both. Current studies58 show that ingestion of protein and calories incite the secretion of growth hormone and insulin in specific patterns and at appropriate times. Growth hormone has been labelled the "feasting" hormone and insulin tile "feasting" hormone.59 Thus, the subtle relationship between nutrition and cell growth becomes apparent. Of concern is the possibility that overnutrition early in life may program excess secretion of hormones such as insulin or growth hormone. Overnutrition is a major problem in the affluent society, while conservative nutrition is compatible with longevity.6 Hirsch, et al.60 informs us that growth of adipose tissue is mainly by cell number increase–as we have seen for muscle. Again, a steady state of cell number is reached for fat cells. But, obese subjects have an excess of fat cells which do not disappear with time and diet. Such cells become increasingly insensitive to insulin as they enlarge.61 One might view the passing parade of life and growth and observe the relation of the intracellular phase to body weight from infancy to senility (Fig. 12). Here we see the upward increase of cell mass with respect to time and body weight increase. The adult data are taken from F. D. Moore.62 Clearly, with senility we can suspect that more and more of the body weight is extracellular or connective tissue and less and less of the weight is soft tissue or oxidizing protoplasm. Data on body potassium are even more remarkable in this demonstration.11 It is difficult to say with Browning: Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be.... Nevertheless, it is possible that with increased information and research the understanding of these stages of cell growth will be achieved and, no doubt, the departure from the steady state of cell population which occurs at the autumn of our existence– when cancer, and cardiovascular disease supervene–will be understood.63 However, the problems of aging can only be exposed after the physiology of growth is understood.

Growth hormone directly and indirectly stimulates articular chondrocyte cell growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T TSUKAZAKI ◽  
T MATSUMOTO ◽  
H ENOMOTO ◽  
T USA ◽  
A OHTSURU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Articular Chondrocyte

scholarly journals Growth hormone receptor promotes osteosarcoma cell growth and metastases

FEBS Open Bio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Cheng ◽  
Wending Huang ◽  
Weiluo Cai ◽  
Meng Fang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell

The Role of Growth Hormone and Prolactin in Beta Cell Growth and Regeneration

1992 ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Høiriis Nielsen ◽  
Annette Møldrup ◽  
Nils Billestrup ◽  
Elisabeth Douglas Petersen ◽  
Giovanna Allevato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Growth
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