Pituitary Gland Development: An Update

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E. Bancalari ◽  
Louise C. Gregory ◽  
Mark J. McCabe ◽  
Mehul T. Dattani
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Evidence That the Etiology of Congenital Hypopituitarism Has a Major Genetic Component but Is Infrequently Monogenic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn Hee Jee ◽  
Mariam Gangat ◽  
Olga Yeliosof ◽  
Adrian G. Temnycky ◽  
Selena Vanapruks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Penetrance ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
Congenital Hypopituitarism ◽  
Gland Development

PurposeCongenital hypopituitarism usually occurs sporadically. In most patients, the etiology remains unknown.MethodsWe studied 13 children with sporadic congenital hypopituitarism. Children with non-endocrine, non-familial idiopathic short stature (NFSS) (n = 19) served as a control group. Exome sequencing was performed in probands and both unaffected parents. A burden testing approach was used to compare the number of candidate variants in the two groups.ResultsFirst, we assessed the frequency of rare, predicted-pathogenic variants in 42 genes previously reported to be associated with pituitary gland development. The average number of variants per individual was greater in probands with congenital hypopituitarism than those with NFSS (1.1 vs. 0.21, mean variants/proband, P = 0.03). The number of probands with at least 1 variant in a pituitary-associated gene was greater in congenital hypopituitarism than in NFSS (62% vs. 21%, P = 0.03). Second, we assessed the frequency of rare, predicted-pathogenic variants in the exome (to capture undiscovered causes) that were inherited in a fashion that could explain the sporadic occurrence of the proband’s condition with a monogenic etiology (de novo mutation, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive) with complete penetrance. There were fewer monogenic candidates in the probands with congenital hypopituitarism than those with NFSS (1.3 vs. 2.5 candidate variants/proband, P = 0.024). We did not find any candidate variants (0 of 13 probands) in genes previously reported to explain the phenotype in congenital hypopituitarism, unlike NFSS (8 of 19 probands, P = 0.01).ConclusionOur findings provide evidence that the etiology of sporadic congenital hypopituitarism has a major genetic component but may be infrequently monogenic with full penetrance, suggesting a more complex etiology.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of Adenohypophyseal Cells, Pituitary Gland Development and Structure in Adults of Astyanax Lacustris (Teleostei, Characidae): an Emerging Neotropical Fish Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovana Souza Branco ◽  
Lázaro Wender O. De Jesus ◽  
Monica Cassel ◽  
Chayrra Chehade ◽  
Marília de Paiva Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
South American ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Commercial Importance ◽  
Gland Morphogenesis ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract Pituitary gland morphogenesis of the adenohypophyseal (AH) cells of Astyanax lacustris are presented herein. This Characiformes species show great ecological and commercial importance, and it has been increasingly used as a biological model. The first AH cells of A. lacustris were detected at 1 dah by the immunostaining of PRL producing cells. The morphology of the gland presented changes in shape throughout the development, starting elongated but more oval at the end. The neurohypophysis was differentiated at 3 dah, along with the identification of ACTH, MSH, TSH, and FSH producing cells. Identification of the immunoreactive cells to anti-LH, anti-SL, and anti-GH antibodies occurred at 5 dah. At 20 dah, an increase in pituitary size and the presence of the pituitary stalk were observed. At 60 dah, the pituitary already had the same shape seen in adults. The ontogeny of adenohypophyseal cells in A. lacustris corroborates the heterogeneity in the appearance of these cell types in teleosts and suggests that these hormones actively participate during the early development of this species. Our results collaborate with the understanding of the morphogenesis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in South American teleosts, showing essential data for the development of future studies related to pituitary morphophysiology.

scholarly journals Visual documentation of ovine pituitary gland development with magnetic resonance imaging following zeranol treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Carroll ◽  
M A Walker ◽  
S M Hartsfield ◽  
N H McArthur ◽  
T H Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Thyroid and pituitary gland development from hatching through metamorphosis of a teleost flatfish, the Atlantic halibut

2005 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingibjörg Eir Einarsdóttir ◽  
Nadia Silva ◽  
Deborah M. Power ◽  
Heiddis Smáradóttir ◽  
Björn Thrandur Björnsson
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Atlantic Halibut ◽  
Gland Development

A journey through the pituitary gland: Development, structure and function, with emphasis on embryo-foetal and later development

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Musumeci ◽  
Sergio Castorina ◽  
Paola Castrogiovanni ◽  
Carla Loreto ◽  
Rosi Leonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Development Structure ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Complex integration of intrinsic and peripheral signaling is required for pituitary gland development†

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Edwards ◽  
Lori T Raetzman
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Endocrine Cell ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract The coordination of pituitary development is complicated and requires input from multiple cellular processes. Recent research has provided insight into key molecular determinants that govern cell fate specification in the pituitary. Moreover, increasing research aimed to identify, characterize, and functionally describe the presumptive pituitary stem cell population has allowed for a better understanding of the processes that govern endocrine cell differentiation in the developing pituitary. The culmination of this research has led to the ability of investigators to recapitulate some of embryonic pituitary development in vitro, the first steps to developing novel regenerative therapies for pituitary diseases. In this current review, we cover the major players in pituitary stem/progenitor cell function and maintenance, and the key molecular determinants of endocrine cell specification. In addition, we discuss the contribution of peripheral hormonal regulation of pituitary gland development, an understudied area of research.

Pituitary Gland Development

2002 ◽  
pp. 499-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Camper ◽  
Hoonkyo Suh ◽  
Lori Raetzman ◽  
Kristin Douglas ◽  
Lisa Cushman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Gland Development

GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS WITH MULTIPLE PITUITARY TRANSPLANTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
LIDIA RUBINSTEIN ◽  
K. AHRÉN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Pituitary Tissue ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Gland Development

SUMMARY The secretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary transplants under the kidney capsule of gonadectomized and hypophysectomized male rats was investigated with special regard to the importance of the mass of functioning pituitary tissue. Body growth and mammary gland development after testosterone stimulation were studied. In rats with the pituitary gland autotransplanted to the kidney capsule body growth was markedly reduced. After administration of testosterone a few groups of alveoli only were seen in the mammary glands. Hypophysectomized rats with four pituitary transplants (an autotransplant and three homotransplants) under the kidney capsule showed slightly better body growth than rats with an autotransplanted hypophysis. When compared with rats with intact pituitary glands body growth was markedly reduced. Mammary gland development after testosterone stimulation was as poor in rats with four pituitary transplants as in rats with an autotransplanted hypophysis. These results suggest strongly that the normal secretion of growth hormone is regulated by the hypothalamus and that the deficiency of growth hormone in rats with the pituitary gland transplanted remote from the brain is due mainly to a loss of 'specific' stimuli from the hypothalamus and not to a 'non-specific' reduction in the amount of functioning pituitary tissue.

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