scholarly journals Effects of Carvedilol as Third-Line Add-On Therapy on Blood Pressure and Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Chronic Renal Disease Stage 3 and Above

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Yasuda ◽  
Keisuke Yatsu ◽  
Yuichiro Yamamoto ◽  
Nobuhito Hirawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Ching-Chia Wang ◽  
Huang-Jen Chen ◽  
Ding-Cheng Chan ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.

Carotid artery intima-media thickness is associated with insulin-mediated glucose disposal in nondiabetic normotensive offspring of type 2 diabetic patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. E347-E352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cardellini ◽  
Maria Adelaide Marini ◽  
Simona Frontoni ◽  
Marta Letizia Hribal ◽  
Francesco Andreozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The aim of this study was to investigate whether insulin resistance is independently associated with early manifestations of atherosclerosis. To this end, 176 normotensive offspring of type 2 diabetic patients were subjected to euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity. Early atherosclerosis was studied by ultrasonography of the common carotid artery. Of the total 176 subjects, 145 were glucose tolerant, 18 had impaired fasting glucose, and 13 had impaired glucose tolerance. Univariate correlations showed that age, body mass index, waist, blood pressure, 2-h postchallenge glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count were significantly correlated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), whereas HDL cholesterol and glucose disposal showed a negative correlation. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis including sex, age, waist circumference, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, 2-h postchallenge glucose, plasma IL-6, fibrinogen, white blood cell count, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and fasting insulin showed that the four variables that remained significantly associated with carotid IMT were waist circumference, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, white blood cell count, and diastolic blood pressure, accounting for 33.7% of its variation. These findings support the concept that insulin sensitivity, rather than plasma insulin levels, is associated with early atherosclerosis in nondiabetic normotensive offspring of type 2 diabetic patients.

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