Zoocin A and Lauricidin in Combination Reduce Streptococcus mutans Growth in a Multispecies Biofilm

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lester ◽  
R.S. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Multispecies Biofilm ◽  
Zoocin A

scholarly journals Exopolysaccharides Produced by Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferases Modulate the Establishment of Microcolonies within Multispecies Biofilms

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (12) ◽  
pp. 3024-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koo ◽  
J. Xiao ◽  
M. I. Klein ◽  
J. G. Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Fluorescence Labeling ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Multispecies Biofilm ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans is a key contributor to the formation of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix in dental biofilms. The exopolysaccharides, which are mostly glucans synthesized by streptococcal glucosyltransferases (Gtfs), provide binding sites that promote accumulation of microorganisms on the tooth surface and further establishment of pathogenic biofilms. This study explored (i) the role of S. mutans Gtfs in the development of the EPS matrix and microcolonies in biofilms, (ii) the influence of exopolysaccharides on formation of microcolonies, and (iii) establishment of S. mutans in a multispecies biofilm in vitro using a novel fluorescence labeling technique. Our data show that the ability of S. mutans strains defective in the gtfB gene or the gtfB and gtfC genes to form microcolonies on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite surfaces was markedly disrupted. However, deletion of both gtfB (associated with insoluble glucan synthesis) and gtfC (associated with insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis) is required for the maximum reduction in EPS matrix and biofilm formation. S. mutans grown with sucrose in the presence of Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii steadily formed exopolysaccharides, which allowed the initial clustering of bacterial cells and further development into highly structured microcolonies. Concomitantly, S. mutans became the major species in the mature biofilm. Neither the EPS matrix nor microcolonies were formed in the presence of glucose in the multispecies biofilm. Our data show that GtfB and GtfC are essential for establishment of the EPS matrix, but GtfB appears to be responsible for formation of microcolonies by S. mutans; these Gtf-mediated processes may enhance the competitiveness of S. mutans in the multispecies environment in biofilms on tooth surfaces.

scholarly journals A Drug Repositioning Approach Reveals that Streptococcus mutans Is Susceptible to a Diverse Range of Established Antimicrobials and Nonantibiotics

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saputo ◽  
R. C. Faustoferri ◽  
R. G. Quivey
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multispecies Biofilm ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans is the primary causative agent of dental caries and contributes to the multispecies biofilm known as dental plaque. An adenylate kinase-based assay was optimized for S. mutans to detect cell lysis when exposed to the Selleck library (Selleck Chemical, Houston, TX) of 853 FDA-approved drugs in, to our knowledge, the first high-throughput drug screen in S. mutans. We found 126 drugs with activity against S. mutans planktonic cultures, and they were classified into six categories: antibacterials (61), antineoplastics (23), ion channel effectors (9), other antimicrobials (7), antifungals (6), and other (20). These drugs were also tested for activity against S. mutans biofilm cultures, and 24 compounds were found to inhibit biofilm formation, 6 killed preexisting biofilms, 84 exhibited biofilm inhibition and killing activity, and 12 had no activity against biofilms. The activities of 9 selected compounds that exhibited antimicrobial activity were further characterized for their activity against S. mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures. Together, our results suggest that S. mutans exhibits a susceptibility profile to a diverse array of established and novel antibacterials.

scholarly journals A New Small Molecule Specifically Inhibits the Cariogenic Bacterium Streptococcus mutans in Multispecies Biofilms

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 2679-2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Roberta J. Worthington ◽  
Christian Melander ◽  
Hui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multispecies Biofilm ◽  
Small Molecule Library ◽  
Cariogenic Bacterium ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

ABSTRACTStreptococcus mutansis a major cariogenic bacterium. It has adapted to the biofilm lifestyle, which is essential for pathogenesis of dental caries. We aimed to identify small molecules that can inhibit cariogenicS. mutansand to discover lead structures that could give rise to therapeutics for dental caries. In this study, we screened a focused small-molecule library of 506 compounds. Eight small molecules which inhibitedS. mutansat a concentration of 4 μM or less but did not affect cell growth or biofilm formation of commensal bacteria, represented byStreptococcus sanguinisandStreptococcus gordonii, in monospecies biofilms were identified. The active compounds share similar structural properties, which are characterized by a 2-aminoimidazole (2-AI) or 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-ABI) subunit. In multispecies biofilm models, the most active compound also inhibited cell survival and biofilm formation ofS. mutansbut did not affect commensal streptococci. This inhibitor downregulated the expression of six biofilm-associated genes,ftf,pac,relA,comDE,gbpB, andgtfB, in planktonicS. mutanscells, while it downregulated the expression of onlyftf,pac, andrelAin the biofilm cells ofS. mutans. The most potent compound also inhibited production of two key adhesins ofS. mutans, antigen I/II and glucosyltransferase (GTF). However, the compound did not alter the expression of the corresponding genes in bothS. sanguinisandS. gordonii, indicating that it possesses a selective inhibitory activity againstS. mutans.

scholarly journals Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 on the Cariogenic Properties and Composition of a Cariogenic Multispecies Biofilm

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Jiang ◽  
Yufei Wang ◽  
Junyuan Luo ◽  
Xinwei Li ◽  
Xuedong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Multispecies Biofilm ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

ABSTRACTDental caries is a biofilm-mediated disease that occurs when acidogenic/aciduric bacteria obtain an ecological advantage over commensal species. In previous studies, the effects of the antimicrobial peptide GH12 on planktonic bacteria and monospecies biofilms were confirmed. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of GH12 on a cariogenic multispecies biofilm and to preliminarily explain the mechanism. In this biofilm model,Streptococcus mutansATCC 70061 was the representative of cariogenic bacteria, whileStreptococcus gordoniiATCC 35105 andStreptococcus sanguinisJCM 5708 were selected as healthy microbiota. The results showed that GH12 was more effective in suppressingS. mutansthan the other two species, with lower MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values among diverse type strains and clinical isolated strains. Therefore, GH12, at no more than 8 mg/liter, was used to selectively suppressS. mutansin the multispecies biofilm. GH12 at 4 mg/liter and 8 mg/liter reduced the cariogenic properties of the multispecies biofilm in biofilm formation, glucan synthesis, and lactic acid production. In addition, GH12 suppressedS. mutanswithin the multispecies biofilm and changed the bacterial composition. Furthermore, 8 mg/liter GH12 showed a selective bactericidal impact onS. mutans, and GH12 promoted hydrogen peroxide production inS. sanguinisandS. gordonii, which improved their ecological advantages. In conclusion, GH12 inhibited the cariogenic properties and changed the composition of the multispecies biofilm through a two-part mechanism by which GH12 directly suppressed the growth ofS. mutansas well as enhanced the ecological competitiveness ofS. sanguinisandS. gordonii.IMPORTANCEDental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases worldwide, with substantial economic and quality-of-life impacts.Streptococcus mutanshas been considered the principal pathogen of dental caries. To combat dental caries, an antimicrobial peptide, GH12, was designed, and its antibacterial effects on planktonicS. mutansand the monospecies biofilm were confirmed. As etiological concepts of dental caries evolved to include microecosystems, the homeostasis between pathogenic and commensal bacteria and a selective action on cariogenic virulence have increasingly become the focus. The novelty of this research was to study the effects of the antimicrobial peptides on a controlled cariogenic multispecies biofilm model. Notably, the role of an antimicrobial agent in regulating interspecific competition and composition shifts within this multispecies biofilm was investigated. With promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, the use of GH12 might be of importance in preventing and controlling caries and other dental infections.

scholarly journals Zoocin A facilitates the entry of antisense constructs into Streptococcus mutans

2011 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Dufour ◽  
Felicity S.A. McLeod ◽  
Robin S. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Zoocin A ◽  
Antisense Constructs

Cell Wall Ultrastructure in Three Strains of a Cariogenic Streptococcus

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Alan L. Coykendall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

During the almost 50 years since Streptococcus mutans was first suggested as a factor in the etiology of dental caries, a multitude of studies have confirmed the cariogenic potential of this organism. Streptococci have been isolated from human and animal caries on numerous occasions and, with few exceptions, they are not typable by the Lancefield technique but are relatively homogeneous in their biochemical reactions. An analysis of the guanine-cytosine (G-C) composition of the DNA from strains K-1-R, NCTC 10449, and FA-1 by one of us (ALC) revealed significant differences and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that genetic heterogeneity existed among the three strains. The present electron microscopic study had as its objective the elucidation of any distinguishing morphological characteristics which might further characterize the respective strains.

The role of intracanal medicaments in inhibition of bacteria isolated from root canals of infected primary molars

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Abdul- Kareem Mahmood ◽  
Dr. Huda Elias Ali ◽  
Dr. Haraa Khairi Abdul-Kadher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Micro Organisms

Microbes are considered as the primary etiologic agents in endodontic diseases.Disinfection of the root canal is obtained by the combined effect of biomechanicalpreparation, irrigation and intra canal medicament. The aim of the present study wasto assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments (formocresol andEndosepton) against two micro organisms (Streptococcus mutans and staphylococcusaureus) isolated from 15 necrotic pulps of primary molars indicated for pulpectomyprocedure. The samples were cultured, and purified using microbiological evaluation.Broth dilution test was performed in our study by preparing test tubes containing10 ml of BHI broth (pH. 7) which then inoculated with strains of the tested bacteriaand incubated at 37 C° for 24 h. After over night incubaction, ten fold dilution weremade in test tubes containing 9 ml of normal saline by adding 1 ml of the inoculum tothe first tube . Then from dilution 10-1 , 0.1 ml of cell suspension was added to 9.9 mlof formocresol and endosepton, then 0.1 ml was taken and spread on duplicates ofBHI agar plates at different intervals and incubated aerobically for 24 h. at 37 C°.Colonies on the plates were counted after incubation and CFU/mL (colony formingunit) was calculated. Our results indicating that there were no significant differencesbetween the intracanal medicaments, but there were high significant differencesbetween the intervals time of the study. We concluded that both materials had greatantibacterial effect against the pathogens commonly isolated from necrotic pulpaltissue of primary teeth.

Exemplar Abstract for Streptococcus mutans Clarke 1924 (Approved Lists 1980).

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
Dorothea Taylor ◽  
George M Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans

Exemplar Abstract for Streptococcus mutans Clarke 1924 (Approved Lists 1980).

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
Dorothea Taylor ◽  
George M Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans

Exemplar Abstract for Streptococcus mutans Clarke 1924 (Approved Lists 1980).

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
Dorothea Taylor ◽  
George M Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans
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