Insulin Resistance in Childhood and Adolescence

2011 ◽  
pp. 294-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ehehalt ◽  
Andreas Neu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

Nutrition and Insulin Resistance During Childhood and Adolescence

2016 ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Simone Franchini ◽  
Annalisa Blasetti ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

scholarly journals Birth weight, childhood and adolescent growth and diabetes risk factors in 21-year-old Asian Indians: the Pune Children’s Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kalyanaraman Kumaran ◽  
Himangi Lubree ◽  
Dattatray S. Bhat ◽  
Suyog Joshi ◽  
Charudatta Joglekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Disposition Index ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Childhood Weight ◽  
Height Gain

Abstract Our objective was to investigate associations of body size (birth weight and body mass index (BMI)) and growth in height, body fat (adiposity) and lean mass during childhood and adolescence, with risk markers for diabetes in young South Asian adults. We studied 357 men and women aged 21 years from the Pune Children’s Study birth cohort. Exposures were 1) birth weight, 21-year BMI, both of these mutually adjusted, and their interaction, and 2) uncorrelated conditional measures of growth in height and proxies for gain in adiposity and lean mass from birth to 8 years (childhood) and 8 to 21 years (adolescence) constructed from birth weight, and weight, height, and skinfolds at 8 and 21 years. Outcomes were plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test and derived indices of insulin resistance and secretion. Higher 21-year BMI was associated with higher glucose and insulin concentrations and insulin resistance, and lower disposition index. After adjusting for 21-year BMI, higher birth weight was associated with lower 120-min glucose and insulin resistance, and higher disposition index. In the growth analysis, greater adiposity gain during childhood and adolescence was associated with higher glucose, insulin and insulin resistance, and lower disposition index, with stronger effects from adolescent gain. Greater childhood lean gain and adolescent height gain were associated with lower 120-min glucose and insulin. Consistent with other studies, lower birth weight and higher childhood weight gain increases diabetes risk. Disaggregation of weight gain showed that greater child/adolescent adiposity gain and lower lean and height gain may increase risk.

scholarly journals The Role of Genetic, Dietary and Lifestyle Factors in Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of the Literature from Prenatal to Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Teresa Arora ◽  
Sahar Agouba ◽  
Ahmad Sharara ◽  
Shahrad Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is described as a cluster of health conditions that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The clinical diagnosis of MetS in pediatrics is challenging due to differing criteria, although the estimated prevalence continues to rise. The increased prevalence of childhood obesity and insulin resistance, in both developed and developing countries, is believed to be a major contributor to MetS diagnosis in children. We review the current literature surrounding genetic predisposition, maternal influence, epigenetics, environmental and lifestyle factors pertaining to pediatric MetS with a specific emphasis on obesity and insulin resistance. We highlight and discuss recent, key studies in prenatal through to adolescent populations and review evidence suggesting that children may be pre-disposed to obesity and insulin resistance, prenatally. We also discuss several key lifestyle drivers of these conditions including poor nutrition and dietary habits, insufficient physical activity, use of electronic devices, over-consumption of caffeinated and/or sugar-sweetened beverages, as well as the importance of sleep during childhood and adolescence in relation to metabolic health. We conclude with recommendations for preventable methods to tackle this growing pediatric public health issue, which, if current trends continue, will undoubtedly compromise the health and longevity of the next adult generation. 

Abstract 046: Excessive Gain in BMI Between Age 7-16 is Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Alan R Sinaiko ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Donald R Dengel ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Adult Individual

Obesity in childhood has been shown to promote adult obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, little longitudinal information exists on the rate of progression of adiposity during childhood as a predictor of adult insulin resistance and markers of CVD risk. We hypothesize that excessive adiposity in childhood and adolescence predicts adult individual CV risk factors, insulin resistance and vascular changes. Children (n=383 mean age 7 yrs), were measured periodically for height, weight and blood pressure through adolescence. As adults (n=383, mean age 39 y, 50% female), height, weight, lipids, insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) categories (normal, overweight, and obese) were created by standard criteria. According to the CDC BMI growth charts, the normal mean change in BMI from age 7-16 at the 50th percentile is 5 kg/m 2 . Linear regression evaluated the influence of excessive weight gain in childhood on the development of adverse CVD risk factors in adulthood stratifying by 50 percentile change in BMI (≤5kg/m 2 vs >5kg/m 2 ) between childhood and adolescence, adjusting for confounding factors. Of 313 normal weight children, 32% stayed normal weight, 68% became overweight and obese in adulthood. Of 45 overweight children 90% stayed overweight or became obese in adulthood. Of 25 obese children 100% became overweight and stayed obese in adulthood. Compared to ≤5kg/m 2 , a BMI gain of >5 kg/m 2 between childhood and adolescence was more common in blacks than in whites and was associated with greater CV risk in adulthood: greater % obesity; higher blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance (M/lbm=insulin sensitivity) and cIMT (Table). These findings show that: 1) childhood adiposity is a strong predictor of adult overweight and obesity, and 2) excessive BMI gain between childhood and adolescence is a major determinant of obesity and CVD risk in adulthood.

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