Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Patients with Recurrent Major Depression, Increased Early Life Stress and Long-Standing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pestana Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira ◽  
Lettícia R. de Almeida ◽  
Lilian Milnitsky Stein ◽  
Clarice Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

scholarly journals Adaptive Identification of Cortical and Subcortical Imaging Markers of Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Rajendra A. Morey ◽  
Brandalyn C. Riedel ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adaptive Identification ◽  
Imaging Markers

scholarly journals Adaptive Identification of Cortical and Subcortical Imaging Markers of Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Rajendra A. Morey ◽  
Brandalyn C. Riedel ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Intracranial Volume

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous condition associated with a range of brain imaging abnormalities. Early life stress (ELS) contributes to this heterogeneity, but we do not know how a history of ELS influences traditionally defined brain signatures of PTSD. Here we used a novel machine learning method - evolving partitions to improve classification (EPIC) - to identify shared and unique structural neuroimaging markers of ELS and PTSD in 97 combat-exposed military veterans.MethodsWe used EPIC with repeated cross-validation to determine how combinations of cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical brain volumes could contribute to classification of PTSD (n=40) versus controls (n=57), and classification of ELS within the PTSD (ELS+ n=16; ELS-n=24) and control groups (ELS+ n=16; ELS- n=41). Additional inputs included intracranial volume, age, sex, adult trauma, and depression.ResultsOn average, EPIC classified PTSD with 69% accuracy (SD=5%), and ELS with 64% accuracy in the PTSD group (SD=10%), and 62% accuracy in controls (SD=6%). EPIC selected unique sets of individual features that classified each group with 75-85% accuracy in post hoc analyses; combinations of regions marginally improved classification from the individual atlas-defined brain regions. Across analyses, surface area in the right posterior cingulate was the only variable that was repeatedly selected as an important feature for classification of PTSD and ELS.ConclusionsEPIC revealed unique patterns of features that distinguished PTSD and ELS in this sample of combat-exposed military veterans, which may represent distinct biotypes of stress-related neuropathology.

scholarly journals Early Life Stress and Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Pervanidou ◽  
Gerasimos Makris ◽  
George Chrousos ◽  
Agorastos Agorastos
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Traumatic stress exposure during critical periods of development may have essential and long-lasting effects on the physical and mental health of individuals. Two thirds of youth are exposed to potentially traumatic experiences by the age of 17, and approximately 5% of adolescents meet lifetime criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of the stress system is the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real/perceived and acute/chronic stressors. Early-life stress (ELS) has an impact on neuronal brain networks involved in stress reactions, and could exert a programming effect on glucocorticoid signaling. Studies on pediatric PTSD reveal diverse neuroendocrine responses to adverse events and related long-term neuroendocrine and epigenetic alterations. Neuroendocrine, neuroimaging, and genetic studies in children with PTSD and ELS experiences are crucial in understanding risk and resilience factors, and also the natural history of PTSD.

scholarly journals The role of emotion regulation as a mediator between early life stress and posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety in Syrian refugees

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaynab Demir ◽  
Kerem Böge ◽  
Yan Fan ◽  
Corinna Hartling ◽  
Mazen R. Harb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Early life stress is an important factor in later psychopathology, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of early life stress on psychiatric symptoms within a sample of Syrian refugees. In this model, the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies was assessed as a potential mediator of the relationship between early life stress and current symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Bootstrap analyses were generated to test the indirect effect of emotion regulation (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) on the relationship between early life stress (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), PTSD (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms in eighty-nine Syrian refugees resided in Germany (n = 49) and Jordan (n = 40). The indirect effect of maladaptive strategies was significant between early life stress and psychopathology, whereas the mediation effect of adaptive strategies was not significant. The findings provide an evidence that emotional dysregulation is an underlying factor affecting psychological symptoms in refugees with adverse childhood experiences. These results suggest targeting cognitive emotion regulation in prospective prevention and treatment strategies.

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