Impact of Group Size on Female Reproductive Success of Free-Ranging Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Zhao ◽  
Baoguo Li ◽  
Kunio Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Rhinopithecus Roxellana ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Polyandrous females benefit by producing sons that achieve high reproductive success in a competitive environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1719) ◽  
pp. 2823-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée C. Firman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Free Ranging

Females of many taxa often copulate with multiple males and incite sperm competition. On the premise that males of high genetic quality are more successful in sperm competition, it has been suggested that females may benefit from polyandry by accruing ‘good genes’ for their offspring. Laboratory studies have shown that multiple mating can increase female fitness through enhanced embryo viability, and have exposed how polyandry influences the evolution of the ejaculate. However, such studies often do not allow for both female mate choice and male–male competition to operate simultaneously. Here, I took house mice (Mus domesticus ) from selection lines that had been evolving with (polygamous) and without (monogamous) sperm competition for 16 generations and, by placing them in free-ranging enclosures for 11 weeks, forced them to compete for access to resources and mates. Parentage analyses revealed that female reproductive success was not influenced by selection history, but there was a significant paternity bias towards males from the polygamous selection lines. Therefore, I show that female house mice benefit from polyandry by producing sons that achieve increased fitness in a semi-natural environment.

scholarly journals Infant Survival Among Free-Living Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata) in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Małgorzata E. Arlet ◽  
Krishna N. Balasubramaniam ◽  
Rajarshi Saha ◽  
Brianne Beisner ◽  
Pascal R. Marty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Bonnet Macaques ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractFemale reproductive success depends to a large extent on infants’ ability to survive to maturity. While most studies of female reproductive success have focused on the effects of individuals’ sociodemographic factors (e.g., age/parity, dominance rank) on offspring survival among wild primates living in less disturbed habitats, little research has focused on offspring survival in urban or periurban animals. Here we investigated sociodemographic and anthropogenic determinants of infant survival (up to 1 yr of age) in free-ranging bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) living in a periurban environment in Southern India. We conducted the study from November 2016 to May 2018, on two groups of bonnet macaques at the Thenmala tourist site in the state of Kerala. Fifty infants were born across two birth seasons. Of these infants, 29.2% died or disappeared in 2017 and 26.9% died or disappeared in 2018. We found that infant survival was strongly influenced by the mother’s parity: infants of experienced mothers had a better chance of survival than those of first-time mothers. We also found that male infants were more likely to die than female infants. However, we found no effects of mothers’ dominance rank, or of frequency of mothers’ interactions with humans and time spent foraging on anthropogenic food, on infant survival. Our results, consistent with findings from other wild primate species, show that even in challenging human-impacted environments, experienced bonnet macaque mothers have greater success than inexperienced ones.

Significance of wounding to female reproductive success in Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) at Laysan Island

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Hiruki ◽  
Ian Stirling ◽  
William G. Gilmartin ◽  
Thea C. Johanos ◽  
Brenda L. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Monachus Schauinslandi ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pup Survival ◽  
Monk Seals

We studied reproductive rate, length of lactation period, pup survival, and mortality of injured and uninjured female Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) on Laysan Island, northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in 1983 – 1989. The severity and timing of nonfatal injuries were influential in determining their effect on female reproductive success. There was a tendency towards a shorter mean lactation period and lower survival rate of pups for females with major injuries than for uninjured females. Females with minor injuries were similar to uninjured females in terms of reproductive rate, length of lactation, and pup survival. For females injured shortly before the birth of their pup or during lactation, pup survival was lower than for uninjured females, whereas for females injured during the year prior to pupping, measures of reproductive success were not significantly different from those for uninjured females. Immature (aged 4 – 8 years) females entering the reproductive population were injured by adult male seals significantly more often than females aged 0 – 3 years, but at a similar rate to adult females. The major effect of injuries on female reproductive success is an increase in female mortality: 87.5 % of the adult females (n = 16) that died on Laysan Island in 1983 – 1989 sustained injuries from adult male seals.

Female reproductive success in a species with an age-inversed hierarchy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien DE VRIES ◽  
Andreas KOENIG ◽  
Carola BORRIES
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Female Reproductive Success
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