Current Status and Future Needs in Diagnostics and Vaccines for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Swayne ◽  
E. Spackman
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
High Pathogenicity

scholarly journals Predicting future costs of High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza epidemics: large versus small uncertainties

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P.M. Meuwissen ◽  
M. Van Boven ◽  
T.J. Hagenaars ◽  
G.J. Boender ◽  
G. Nodelijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
High Pathogenicity

In silico approaches in organ toxicity hazard assessment: current status and future needs in predicting liver toxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 100187
Author(s):  
Arianna Bassan ◽  
Vinicius M. Alves ◽  
Alexander Amberg ◽  
Lennart T. Anger ◽  
Scott Auerbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organ Toxicity ◽  
Future Needs

Susceptibility of Common Family Anatidae Bird Species to Clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus: An Experimental Infection Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Soda ◽  
Yukiko Tomioka ◽  
Chiharu Hidaka ◽  
Mayu Matsushita ◽  
Tatsufumi Usui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
High Pathogenicity

Abstract Background: There were large outbreaks of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) caused by clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 viruses in the winter of 2016–2017 in Japan, which caused large numbers of deaths among several endangered bird species including cranes, raptors, and birds in Family Anatidae. In this study, susceptibility of common Anatidae to a clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAI virus was assessed to evaluate their potential to be a source of infection for other birds. Eurasian wigeons (Mareca penelope), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and Northern pintails (Anas acuta) were intranasally inoculated with 106, 104, or 102 50% egg infectious dose (EID50) of clade 2.3.4.4e A/teal/Tottori/1/2016 (H5N6). Results: All birds survived for 10 days without showing any clinical signs of infection. Most ducks inoculated with ≥104 EID50 of virus seroconverted within 10 days post-inoculation (dpi). Virus was mainly shed via the oral route for a maximum of 10 days, followed by cloacal route in late phase of infection. Virus remained in the pancreas of some ducks at 10 dpi. Viremia was observed in some ducks euthanized at 3 dpi, and ≤106.3 EID50 of virus was recovered from systemic tissues and swab samples including eyeballs and conjunctival swabs. Conclusions: These results indicate that the subject duck species have a potential to be a source of infection of clade 2.3.4.4e HPAI virus to the environment and other birds sharing their habitats. Captive ducks should be reared under isolated or separated circumstances during the HPAI epidemic season to prevent infection and further viral dissemination.

Thermal Inactivation of H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Naturally Infected Chicken Meat

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLLEEN THOMAS ◽  
DAVID E. SWAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Sample ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Z Value ◽  
D Values

Thermal inactivation of the H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus strain A/chicken/Korea/ES/2003 (Korea/03) was quantitatively measured in thigh and breast meat harvested from infected chickens. The Korea/03 titers were recorded as the mean embryo infectious dose (EID50) and were 108.0 EID50/g in uncooked thigh samples and 107.5 EID50/g in uncooked breast samples. Survival curves were constructed for Korea/03 in chicken thigh and breast meat at 1°C intervals for temperatures of 57 to 61°C. Although some curves had a slightly biphasic shape, a linear model provided a fair-to-good fit at all temperatures, with R2 values of 0.85 to 0.93. Stepwise linear regression revealed that meat type did not contribute significantly to the regression model and generated a single linear regression equation for z-value calculations and D-value predictions for Korea/03 in both meat types. The z-value and the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the z-value were 4.64 and 5.32°C, respectively. From the lowest temperature to the highest, the predicted D-values and the upper limits of their 95% prediction intervals (conservative D-values) for 57 to 61°C were 241.2 and 321.1 s, 146.8 and 195.4 s, 89.3 and 118.9 s, 54.4 and 72.4 s, and 33.1 and 44.0 s. D-values and conservative D-values predicted for higher temperatures were 0.28 and 0.50 s for 70°C and 0.041 and 0.073 s for 73.9°C. Calculations with the conservative D-values predicted that cooking chicken meat according to current U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service time-temperature guidelines will inactivate Korea/03 in a heavily contaminated meat sample, such as those tested in this study, with a large margin of safety.

scholarly journals (Q)SARs to predict environmental toxicities: current status and future needs

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. D. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Future Needs

An assessment of (Q)SARs to predict acute and chronic ecotoxicity.

Protection against H7N3 high pathogenicity avian influenza in chickens immunized with a recombinant fowlpox and an inactivated avian influenza vaccines

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (35) ◽  
pp. 3572-3576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateri Bertran ◽  
Mariana Sá e Silva ◽  
Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood ◽  
David E. Swayne
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
High Pathogenicity
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