Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treatment-Refractory Schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worrawat Chanpattana
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Treatment Refractory

Treatment-Refractory OCD Responding to Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. E16-E17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanya Raveendranathan ◽  
Ravindra Srinivasaraju ◽  
Aswin Ratheesh ◽  
Suresh Bada Math ◽  
Y.C.Janardhan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Treatment Refractory

Somatic Treatments for Psychotic Disorders

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Ellison ◽  
Jason B. Rosenstock ◽  
Michael J. Marcsisin
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Somatic Therapies

A variety of somatic therapies can be used to treat individuals suffering from psychosis. Most commonly, providers will prescribe antipsychotics, which generally block dopamine receptors and are particularly useful at reducing positive symptoms. Second-generation antipsychotics have fewer movement side effects than older agents do, but they are more expensive and have more metabolic side effects. Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics can be useful for improving outcomes, especially in non-adherent patients, and clozapine is the gold standard for treatment-refractory psychosis. Other agents may be useful for adjunct therapy, or in early psychosis, such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and benzodiazepines. In this chapter, we will also review other somatic therapies such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other neuromodulation approaches.

Strategies for Treatment Refractory Depression

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Goren
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antidepressant Therapy ◽  
Refractory Depression ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Treatment Refractory

Ten to thirty percent of patients do not respond adequately to antidepressant therapy. Absolute treatment refractory depression occurs in up to 10% of patients with depression. To date, few studies have addressed this issue. Several treatment options are available for refractory depression, including increasing the dose, extending the treatment period, switching and augmentation strategies, and electroconvulsive therapy. This paper will review some strategies available for treatment refractory depression.

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