Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Recruitment of T Cell Subsets via Antigen-Specific Non-IgE Factors or IgE Antibodies: Relevance to Asthma, Autoimmunity and Immune Responses to Tumors and Parasites (Part 1 of 2)

1992 ◽  
pp. 166-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Askenase
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Ige Antibodies

scholarly journals Differential Effects ofNaja naja atraVenom on Immune Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Qun Kou ◽  
Rong Han ◽  
Yin-Li Xu ◽  
Xiao-Lan Ding ◽  
Shu-Zhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Activity ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation

Previous studies reported thatNaja naja atravenom (NNAV) inhibited inflammation and adjuvant arthritis. Here we investigated the role of NNAV in regulation of immune responses in mice. Oral administration of NNAV to normal mice showed significant increase in natural killer cell activity, B lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by lipopolysaccharides, and antibody production in response to sheep red blood cells. Meanwhile, NNAV markedly decreased T lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A, arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1phase, and suppressed CD4 and CD8 T cell divisions. Furthermore, NNAV inhibited the dinitrofluorobenzene-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. This modulation of immune responses may be partly attributed to the selective increase in Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4) secretion and inhibition of Th17 cytokine (IL-17) production. In dexamethasone-induced immunosuppressed mice, NNAV restored the concentration of serum IgG and IgM, while decreasing the percentage of CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets. These results indicate that NNAV enhances the innate and humoral immune responses while inhibiting CD4 Th17 and CD8 T cell actions, suggesting that NNAV could be a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals 413 GEN-009, a personalized neoantigen vaccine, elicits robust immune responses in individuals with advanced or metastatic solid tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A438-A438
Author(s):  
Mara Shainheit ◽  
Devin Champagne ◽  
Gabriella Santone ◽  
Syukri Shukor ◽  
Ece Bicak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cell Responses

BackgroundATLASTM is a cell-based bioassay that utilizes a cancer patient‘s own monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to screen their mutanome and identify neoantigens that elicit robust anti-tumor T cell responses, as well as, deleterious InhibigensTM.1 GEN-009, a personalized vaccine comprised of 4–20 ATLAS-identified neoantigens combined with Hiltonol®, harnesses the power of neoantigen-specific T cells to treat individuals with solid tumors. The safety and efficacy of GEN-009 is being assessed in a phase 1/2a clinical trial (NCT03633110).MethodsA cohort of 15 adults with solid tumors were enrolled in the study. During the screening period, patients received standard of care PD-1-based immunotherapies appropriate for their tumor type. Subsequently, patients were immunized with GEN-009 with additional doses administered at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at baseline, pre-vaccination (D1), as well as 29, 50, 92, and 176 days post first dose. Vaccine-induced immunogenicity and persistence were assessed by quantifying neoantigen-specific T cell responses in ex vivo and in vitro stimulation dual-analyte fluorospot assays. Polyfunctionality of neoantigen-specific T cells was evaluated by intracellular cytokine staining. Additionally, potential correlations between the ATLAS-identified profile and vaccine-induced immunogenicity were assessed.ResultsGEN-009 augmented T cell responses in 100% of evaluated patients, attributable to vaccine and not checkpoint blockade. Furthermore, neoantigen-induced secretion of IFNγ and/or TNFα by PBMCs, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was observed in all patients. Responses were primarily from polyfunctional TEM cells and detectable in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Some patients had evidence of epitope spreading. Unique response patterns were observed for each patient with no apparent relationship between tumor types and time to emergence, magnitude or persistence of response. Ex vivo vaccine-induced immune responses were observed as early as 1 month, and in some cases, persisted for 176 days. Clinical efficacy possibly attributable to GEN-009 was observed in several patients, but no correlation has yet been identified with neoantigen number or magnitude of immune response.ConclusionsATLAS empirically identifies stimulatory neoantigens using the patient‘s own immune cells. GEN-009, which is comprised of personalized, ATLAS-identified neoantigens, elicits early, long-lasting and polyfunctional neoantigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in individuals with advanced cancer. Several patients achieved clinical responses that were possibly attributable to vaccine; efforts are underway to explore T cell correlates of protection. These data support that GEN-009, in combination with checkpoint blockade, represents a unique approach to treat solid tumors.AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to the patients and their families who consented to participate in the GEN-009-101 clinical trial.Trial RegistrationNCT03633110Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by Western Institutional Review Board, approval number 1-1078861-1. All subjects contributing samples provided signed individual informed consent.ReferenceDeVault V, Starobinets H, Adhikari S, Singh S, Rinaldi S, Classon B, Flechtner J, Lam H. Inhibigens, personal neoantigens that drive suppressive T cell responses, abrogate protection of therapeutic anti-tumor vaccines. J. Immunol 2020; 204(1 Supplement):91.15.

scholarly journals Th2 responses induce humorally mediated injury in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
X R Huang ◽  
S R Holdsworth ◽  
P G Tipping
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Neutrophil Influx ◽  
Mouse Immunoglobulin

Acute autologous phase anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis was compared in Th1-prone (C57BL/6) and Th2-prone (BALB/c) mice. Sensitized BALB/c mice, given a subnephritogenic intravenous dose of anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane globulin, developed acute glomerulonephritis characterized by marked proteinuria and glomerular deposition of mouse immunoglobulin and complement. A significant glomerular neutrophil influx was observed, but few T cells and macrophages were present. C57BL/6 mice, given the same dose of disease-inducing globulin, also developed acute glomerulonephritis, although their proteinuria was significantly less. Glomerular deposition of mouse immunoglobulin and complement and the influx of neutrophils were also significantly less than in BALB/c mice. However, their glomerular accumulation of macrophages and T cells was significantly greater. Complement depletion attenuated neutrophil influx and proteinuria in BALB/c mice but did not affect T cell or macrophage accumulation or proteinuria in C57BL/6 mice. CD4+ T cell depletion significantly reduced glomerular macrophage, T cell influx, and proteinuria in C57BL/6 mice, but had no effect on proteinuria or neutrophil influx in BALB/c mice. Thus, immune responses to planted glomerular antigens in Th2-prone mice induce acute injury as a result of antibody deposition, complement activation, and neutrophil influx, whereas immune responses to the same antigen in Th1-prone mice induce delayed-type hypersensitivity-like lesions in affected glomeruli.

scholarly journals Role of Vector in Activation of T Cell Subsets in Immune Responses against the Secreted Transgene Product Factor IX

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Fields ◽  
Dariusz W. Kowalczyk ◽  
Valder R. Arruda ◽  
Elina Armstrong ◽  
Mark L. McCleland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Product Factor

scholarly journals Cell-mediated immunity: delayed-type hypersensitivity and cytotoxic responses are mediated by different T-cell subclasses.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Huber ◽  
O Devinsky ◽  
R K Gershon ◽  
H Cantor
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Cells ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Helper Function ◽  
Cytotoxic Responses

Cell-mediated immunity includes both the generation of cytotoxic cells and initiation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). The resting T-cell population, before stimulation by antigen, already contains cells of the Lyl subclass that are programmed to initiate DTH (and helper function) but not cytotoxic responses, as well as Ly23 cells which can generate killer activity (and suppressive function) but not DTH. The central implication of these findings is that the broad division between humoral and cell-mediated immune responses does not precisely correspond to the division of labor among T-cell subclasses. The relative contribution of DTH-competent Lyl cells and cytotoxic Ly23 cells to the classical homograft response remains to be determined.

Allogeneic partially HLA-matched dendritic cells (DC) as a vaccine in metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC): Final analysis of a clinical phase I/II study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15053-e15053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Flörcken ◽  
Joachim Kopp ◽  
Kamran Movassaghi ◽  
Antje van Lessen ◽  
Anna Takvorian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Autologous Tumor ◽  
Tumor Lysate ◽  
Cell Responses

e15053 Background: Despite novel kinase inhibitors, prognosis of metastatic RCC remains poor and new experimental approaches are warranted. Our aim was to evaluate a DC-based vaccine, which exploits alloreactivity as a means to amplify specific anti-tumor immune responses. Methods: Allogeneic, partially HLA-matched DC were generated in our GMP facility. DC were loaded with autologous tumor lysate. 8 patients with progressive mRCC were included, 7 patients were immunized repetitively with 107 DC s.c. over 20 weeks. Low-dose IL-2 (3 Mio U s.c. qd) was used concomitantly. Endpoints of the study were feasibility, safety, immunological and clinical responses. T cell responses against HLA-A2-restricted RCC-associated antigens were evaluated by proliferation assays, ELISpot and cytokine bead array (CBA). T cell repertoire was analysed by T cell receptor γ and –β PCR. Results: Vaccination was feasible and safe, no treatment-related grade 3/4 toxicity or clinically relevant autoimmunity was observed. No objective responses were observed, however, 2/7 patients showed stable disease, one a minimal clinical response. The mean TTP was 24.6 weeks (range 5 to 96). Delayed-type hypersensitivity was detected in 3/7 and HLA antibodies were induced in 3/7 patients. In 3/7 patients T cell responses against RCC-associated antigens such as TYMS, G250, vimentin, surviving and cyclin-D1 were induced by vaccination. These antigen-specific T cells showed a predominant TH1-cytokine profile. Interestingly, a clonally expanded T cell population could be detected by γ- and –β PCR in one patient with both a minimal clinical response and a T cell response. This clone is currently persisting for more than 80 months, its specificity is under investigation. Conclusions: Vaccination with allogeneic tumor-lysate-loaded DC was feasible, safe and was able to induce TH1-polarized immune responses against RCC-associated antigens. Tumor vaccination might be a promising approach in minimal residual disease, possibly in combination with antibodies against CTLA-4 or PD-1.

scholarly journals Cd4+ T Cell Subsets during Virus Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 191 (12) ◽  
pp. 2159-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Maloy ◽  
Christoph Burkhart ◽  
Tobias M. Junt ◽  
Bernhard Odermatt ◽  
Annette Oxenius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

To analyze the antiviral protective capacities of CD4+ T helper (Th) cell subsets, we used transgenic T cells expressing an I-Ab–restricted T cell receptor specific for an epitope of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). After polarization into Th1 or Th2 effectors and adoptive transfer into T cell–deficient recipients, protective capacities were assessed after infection with different types of viruses expressing the VSV-G. Both Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells could transfer protection against systemic VSV infection, by stimulating the production of neutralizing immunoglobulin G antibodies. However, only Th1 CD4+ T cells were able to mediate protection against infection with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the VSV-G (Vacc-IND-G). Similarly, only Th1 CD4+ T cells were able to rapidly eradicate Vacc-IND-G from peripheral organs, to mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity responses against VSV-G and to protect against lethal intranasal infection with VSV. Protective capacity correlated with the ability of Th1 CD4+ T cells to rapidly migrate to peripheral inflammatory sites in vivo and to respond to inflammatory chemokines that were induced after virus infection of peripheral tissues. Therefore, the antiviral protective capacity of a given CD4+ T cell is governed by the effector cytokines it produces and by its migratory capability.

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