Biological Activities of Muramyl Dipeptide, a Synthetic Glycopeptide Analogous to Bacterial Immunoregulating Agents (Part 1 of 2)

1978 ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Louis Chedid ◽  
Françoise Audibert ◽  
Arthur G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide

Muramyl-dipeptide analogues: Synthesis and biological activities

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2897-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ježek ◽  
Milan Zaoral ◽  
Miloš Buděšínský ◽  
Jiří Günther ◽  
Jiří Rotta
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Test Compound ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Dipeptide Analogues ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

In the search for immunoadjuvant active compounds without pyrogenic activity we prepared N-Ac-norMur-L-Abu-D-Gln-O-Bu (V), N-Ac-Mur-L-Abu-D-Gln-O-Bu (VII) and their respective α-benzylglycosides VI and VIII. All the prepared compounds are nonpyrogenic. In the delayed hypersensitivity test, compound V is inactive, VI is comparable to MDP, VII is more and VIII is less active than MDP.

Festphasensynthese von Muramyldipeptidderivaten und Untersuchung ihrer biologischen Aktivität / Solid Phase Synthesis of Muramyl Dipeptide Derivatives and Investigations on their Biological Activities

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Tschakert ◽  
Wolfgang Voelter
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Opsonized Zymosan ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide Derivatives

New muramyl dipeptide derivatives with exchanged carbohydrate residues are described. Each derivative is synthesized via a solid phase synthesis using an aminomethyl anchor resin. All synthetic products can be isolated in good yields. Their biological activities are tested by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence associated with the phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan by granulocytes.

scholarly journals Muramyl peptides. Variation of somnogenic activity with structure.

1984 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Krueger ◽  
J Walter ◽  
M L Karnovsky ◽  
L Chedid ◽  
J P Choay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Muramyl Peptide ◽  
S Factor ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

Sleep-promoting activities of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (NAc-Mur-L-ala-D-isogln) and the naturally occurring muramyl peptide(s), factor S, have recently been demonstrated. We now have amplified our understanding of structural requirements for somnogenic activity. The effects of several analogs of MDP on rabbit slow-wave sleep are presented and these results are compared to the dose-response relationship for MDP. Some tentative conclusions as to structural requirements for somnogenic activity are presented; most notably, amidation of the free gamma-carboxyl of MDP and several of its analogs resulted in the loss of somnogenic activity. MDP also can induce febrile and immunostimulatory responses. In the present paper, we show that some analogs possess immunostimulatory and pyrogenic activity but not somnogenic activity, thus suggesting that these biological activities of muramyl peptides may, in part, be mediated by separate mechanisms.

scholarly journals Role of Muramyl Dipeptide in Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Biological Activity and Osteoclast Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Kitaura ◽  
Masahiko Ishida ◽  
Keisuke Kimura ◽  
Haruki Sugisawa ◽  
Akiko Kishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin and bacterial cell wall component that is capable of inducing inflammation and immunological activity. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the minimal essential structural unit responsible for the immunological activity of peptidoglycans, is another inflammation-inducing molecule that is ubiquitously expressed by bacteria. Several studies have shown that inflammation-related biological activities were synergistically induced by interactions between LPS and MDP. MDP synergistically enhances production of proinflammatory cytokines that are induced by LPS exposure. Injection of MDP induces lethal shock in mice challenged with LPS. LPS also induces osteoclast formation and pathological bone resorption; MDP enhances LPS induction of both processes. Furthermore, MDP enhances the LPS-induced receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression bothin vivoandin vitro. Additionally, MDP enhances LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in stromal cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that MDP plays an important role in LPS-induced biological activities. This review discusses the role of MDP in LPS-mediated biological activities, primarily in relation to osteoclastogenesis.

Improvement of cytoprotective and antioxidant activity of Rosa canina L. and Salix alba L. by controlled differential sieving process against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse primary splenocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhal Soualeh ◽  
Aliçia Stiévenard ◽  
Elie Baudelaire ◽  
Rachid Soulimani ◽  
Jaouad Bouayed
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Sieving Process

Abstract. In this study, cytoprotective and antioxidant activities of Rosa canina (RC) and Salix alba (SA), medicinal plants, were studied on mouse primary splenocytes by comparing Controlled Differential Sieving process (CDSp), which is a novel green solvent-free process, versus a conventional technique, employing hydroethanolic extraction (HEE). Thus, preventive antioxidant activity of three plant powders of homogeneous particle sizes, 50–100 µm, 100–180 µm and 180–315 µm, dissolved directly in the cellular buffer, were compared to those of hydroethanolic (HE) extract, at 2 concentrations (250 and 500 µg/mL) in H2O2-treated spleen cells. Overall, compared to HE extract, the superfine powders, i. e., fractions < 180 µm, at the lowest concentration, resulted in greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Better antioxidant and preventive effects in pre-treated cells were found with the superfine powders for SA (i. e., 50–100 µm and 100–180 µm, both p < 0.001), and with the intermediate powder for RC (i. e., 100–180 µm, p < 0.05) versus HE extract. The activity levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in pretreated splenocytes exposed to H2O2, albeit reduced, were near to those in unexposed cells, suggesting that pretreatment with the fine powders has relatively restored the normal levels of antioxidant-related enzymes. These findings supported that CDSp improved the biological activities of plants, avoiding the use of organic solvents and thus it could be a good alternative to conventional extraction techniques.

Shape‐controlled silver NPs for shape‐dependent biological activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadeghi ◽  
Abolfazl Yazdanpanah ◽  
Amirbabak Abrishamkar ◽  
Fatholah Moztarzadeh ◽  
Arash Ramedani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Silver Nps ◽  
Shape Controlled

Research into chemistry and biological activities of Prangos Lindl. (Apiaceae) species of Turkey

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
KHC Baser ◽  
B Demirci ◽  
G Ozek ◽  
A Duran ◽  
N Tabanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities
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