Allometric Scaling of the Tectofugal Pathway in Birds

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Iwaniuk ◽  
Cristian Gutierrez-Ibanez ◽  
Janelle M.P. Pakan ◽  
Douglas R. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Tectofugal Pathway

scholarly journals Model-Informed Optimization of a Pediatric Clinical Pharmacokinetic Trial of a New Spironolactone Liquid Formulation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Manasa Tatipalli ◽  
Vijay Kumar Siripuram ◽  
Tao Long ◽  
Diana Shuster ◽  
Galina Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetic Model ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Reference Product ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Quantitative Pharmacology ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Drug Pharmacokinetics

Quantitative pharmacology brings important advantages in the design and conduct of pediatric clinical trials. Herein, we demonstrate the application of a model-based approach to select doses and pharmacokinetic sampling scenarios for the clinical evaluation of a novel oral suspension of spironolactone in pediatric patients with edema. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed and qualified for spironolactone and its metabolite, canrenone, using data from adults and bridged to pediatrics (2 to <17 years old) using allometric scaling. The model was then used via simulation to explore different dosing and sampling scenarios. Doses of 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg led to target exposures (i.e., similar to 25 and 100 mg of the reference product in adults) in all the reference pediatric ages (i.e., 2, 6, 12 and 17 years). Additionally, two different sampling scenarios were delineated to accommodate patients into sparse sampling schemes informative to characterize drug pharmacokinetics while minimizing phlebotomy and burden to participating children.

scholarly journals Genetic Association Analysis for Relative Growths of Body Compositions and Metabolic Traits to Body Weights in Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Hengyu Zhang ◽  
Yunfeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaojing Zhou ◽  
Jie Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Scaling Models ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Body Compositions

In animal breeding, body components and metabolic traits always fall behind body weights in genetic improvement, which leads to the decline in standards and qualities of animal products. Phenotypically, the relative growth of multiple body components and metabolic traits relative to body weights are characterized by using joint allometric scaling models, and then random regression models (RRMs) are constructed to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for relative grwoth allometries of body compositions and metabolic traits in chicken. Referred to as real joint allometric scaling models, statistical utility of the so-called LASSO-RRM mapping method is given a demonstration by computer simulation analysis. Using the F2 population by crossing broiler × Fayoumi, we formulated optimal joint allometric scaling models of fat, shank weight (shank-w) and liver as well as thyroxine (T4) and glucose (GLC) to body weights. For body compositions, a total of 9 QTLs, including 4 additive and 5 dominant QTLs, were detected to control the allometric scalings of fat, shank-w, and liver to body weights; while a total of 10 QTLs of which 6 were dominant, were mapped to govern the allometries of T4 and GLC to body weights. We characterized relative growths of body compositions and metabolic traits to body weights in broilers with joint allometric scaling models and detected QTLs for the allometry scalings of the relative growths by using RRMs. The identified QTLs, including their highly linked genetic markers, could be used to order relative growths of the body components or metabolic traits to body weights in marker-assisted breeding programs for improving the standard and quality of broiler meat products.

scholarly journals Prediction of Clearance of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies and Non-Antibody Proteins in Children: Application of Allometric Scaling

Antibodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Pediatric Dose ◽  
Age Dependent

Allometric scaling can be used for the extrapolation of pharmacokinetic parameters from adults to children. The objective of this study was to predict clearance of therapeutic proteins (monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and non-antibody proteins) allometrically in preterm neonates to adolescents. There were 13 monoclonal antibodies, seven polyclonal antibodies, and nine therapeutic proteins (non-antibodies) in the study. The clearance of therapeutic proteins was predicted using the age dependent exponents (ADE) model and then compared with the observed clearance values. There were in total 29 therapeutic proteins in this study with 75 observations. The number of observations with ≤30%, ≤50%, and >50% prediction error was 60 (80%), 72 (96%), and 3 (4%), respectively. Overall, the predicted clearance values of therapeutic proteins in children was good. The allometric method proposed in this manuscript can be used to select first-in-pediatric dose of therapeutic proteins in pediatric clinical trials.

Predictability of plasma concentration–time curves in humans using single-species allometric scaling of chimeric mice with humanized liver

Xenobiotica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seigo Sanoh ◽  
Yoichi Naritomi ◽  
Mami Fujimoto ◽  
Koya Sato ◽  
Akio Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Chimeric Mice ◽  
Concentration Time
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document