Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Urinary Lithiasis: Usefulness of Parks’ and Tiselius’ Indices in the Evaluation of the Risk of Stone Formation

1995 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Robert ◽  
Jean-Olivier Roux ◽  
Anne-Marie Boularan ◽  
Françoise Bourelly ◽  
Louis Monnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Lithiasis ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

scholarly journals Body size and risk of kidney stones.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1652
Author(s):  
G C Curhan ◽  
W C Willett ◽  
E B Rimm ◽  
F E Speizer ◽  
M J Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

A variety of factors influence the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, including gender, diet, and urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Several of these factors may be related to body size. Because men on average have a larger body size and a threefold higher lifetime risk of stone formation than women, body size may be an important risk factor for calcium oxalate stone formation. The association between body size (height, weight, and body mass index) and the risk of kidney stone formation was studied in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; n = 89,376 women) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; n = 51,529 men). Information on body size, kidney stone formation, and other exposures of interest was obtained by mailed questionnaires. A total of 1078 incident cases of kidney stones in NHS during 14 yr of follow-up and a total of 956 cases in HPFS during 8 yr of follow-up were confirmed. In both cohorts, the prevalence of a stone disease history and the incidence of stone disease were directly associated with weight and body mass index. However, the magnitude of the associations was consistently greater among women. Specifically, the age-adjusted prevalence odds ratio for women with body mass index > or = 32 kg/m2 compared with 21 to 22.9 kg/m2 was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 2.07), but 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.65) for the same comparison in men. For incident stone formation, the multivariate relative risks for the similar comparisons were 1.89 (1.51 to 2.36) for women and 1.19 (0.83 to 1.70) in men. Height was inversely associated with the prevalence of stone disease but was not associated with incident stone formation. These results suggest that body size is associated with the risk of stone formation and that the magnitude of risk varies by gender. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether a reduction in body weight decreases the risk of stone formation, particularly in women.

Evaluation of the Risk of Stone Formation: Study on Crystalluria in Patients with Recurrent Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Robert ◽  
Anne-Marie Boularan ◽  
Olivier Delbos ◽  
Louis Monnier ◽  
Daniel Grasset
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

Molecular modulation of calcium oxalate crystallization

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. F1123-F1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. De Yoreo ◽  
S. Roger Qiu ◽  
John R. Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Site Specific

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of the majority of renal stones. Osteopontin (OPN), an aspartic acid-rich urinary protein, and citrate, a much smaller molecule, are potent inhibitors of COM crystallization at levels present in normal urine. Current concepts of the role of site-specific interactions in crystallization derived from studies of biomineralization are reviewed to provide a context for understanding modulation of COM growth at a molecular level. Results from in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses of the effects of citrate and OPN on growth verified the critical role of site-specific interactions between these growth modulators and individual steps on COM crystal surfaces. Molecular modeling investigations of interactions of citrate with steps and faces on COM crystal surfaces provided links between the stereochemistry of interaction and the binding energy levels that underlie mechanisms of growth modification and changes in overall crystal morphology. The combination of in situ AFM and molecular modeling provides new knowledge that will aid rationale design of therapeutic agents for inhibition of stone formation.

Nephrolithiasis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luiz Nishiura ◽  
Ita Pfeferman Heilberg
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Oxalate Precipitation

Nephrolithiasis is a highly prevalent condition, but its incidence varies depending on race, gender, and geographic location. Approximately half of patients form at least one recurrent stone within 10 years of the first episode. Renal stones are usually composed of calcium salts (calcium oxalate monohydrate or dihydrate, calcium phosphate), uric acid, or, less frequently, cystine and struvite (magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate). Calcium oxalate stones, the most commonly encountered ones, may result from urinary calcium oxalate precipitation on the Randall plaque, which is a hydroxyapatite deposit in the interstitium of the kidney medulla. Uric acid nephrolithiasis, which is common among patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus, is caused by an excessively acidic urinary pH as a renal manifestation of insulin resistance. The medical evaluation of the kidney stone patient must be focused on identifying anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract, associated systemic diseases, use of lithogenic drugs or supplements, and, mostly, urinary risk factors such as low urine volume, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, and abnormalities in urine pH that can be affected by dietary habits, environmental factors, and genetic traits. Metabolic evaluation requires a urinalysis, stone analysis (if available), serum chemistry, and urinary parameters, preferably obtained by two nonconsecutive 24-hour urine collections under a random diet. Targeted medication and dietary advice are effective to reduce the risk of recurrence. Clinical, radiologic, and laboratory follow-ups are needed to prevent stone growth and new stone formation, to assess treatment adherence or effectiveness to dietary recommendations, and to allow adjustment of pharmacologic treatment. This review contains 5 highly rendered figure, 3 tables, and 105 references.

Abnormal Erythrocyte and Renal Frusemide-Sensitive Sodium Transport in Idiopathic Calcium Nephrolithiasis

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Baggio ◽  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
Francesco Marchini ◽  
Massimo Vincenti ◽  
Giulio Ceolotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Cation Transport ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Na Efflux

1. Anomalous transmembrane anion transport has been observed in erythrocytes of patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. 2. To verify whether cation transport is also abnormal, we investigated the frusemide-sensitive Na+ efflux from Na+-loaded erythrocytes and the natriuretic response to acute intravenous frusemide administration in calcium oxalate renal stone formers. 3. Frusemide administration induced a statistically significant smaller increase in the fractional excretion of Na+ in patients than in control subjects. Abnormal kinetic properties of erythrocyte Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport were observed in approximately 60% of stone formers. The Km for Na+ of Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport correlated with urinary Ca2+ excretion. 4. The abnormal kinetic properties of Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport may be relevant for stone formation, hampering renal Ca2+ reabsorption in the distal nephron and determining critical physicochemical conditions for calcium/oxalate crystallization.

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