Etretinate-lnduced Malformation of the First Two Branchial Arches: Differential Staining and Microdissection Study of Embryonic Cartilage

ORL ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Jacobsson ◽  
Gösta Granström
Keyword(s):  
Differential Staining ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Embryonic Cartilage

scholarly journals Histochemical identification of sulfation position in chondroitin sulfate in various cartilages.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Hasty ◽  
G N Smith ◽  
A H Kang
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Chondroitinase Abc ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Carbocyanine Dye ◽  
Rabbit Ear ◽  
Embryonic Cartilage ◽  
Histochemical Identification

The ability of chondrocytes to synthesize chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) as opposed to chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) is a phylogenetically related phenomenon seen among adult higher vertebrates and developmentally during the embryogenesis of these vertebrates. While the embryonic cartilage may be initially a C6S matrix, C4S synthesis is seen to develop with time. We have histochemically localized these differences in sulfation with the cationic carbocyanine dye, Stains-all, in a spectrum of cartilages that vary in the sulfation position of their chondroitin sulfate. Cartilages from the rat and rabbit that are predominantly C4S stained magenta at pH 4.3, while the C6S-rich cartilage matrices from the regenerating rabbit ear and lamprey cranium stained blue. Embryonic chicken cartilages develop a gradient of magenta matrix with age, with increased concentration toward the articular surface. Both magenta and blue matrices were absent after pretreatment with chondroitinase ABC but were present after Streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion. The magenta staining was a property of the cartilage matrix as a whole, since isolated C4S and C6S stained blue. The differential staining was seen at pH 4.3, but not at pH 8.8, suggesting an interaction between the chondroitin sulfate and the adjacent tissue proteins.

A Study of the Ultrastructure of Visual Cell Outer Segment Membranes, Using a Water-Miscible Embedding Medium and Differential Staining

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Outer Segment ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
The Individual

Aldehyde-fixed chick retina was embedded in a water-containing resin of glutaraldehyde and urea, without dehydration. The loss of lipids and other soluble tissue components, which is severe in routine methods involving dehydration, was thereby minimized. Osmium tetroxide post-fixation was not used, lessening the amount of protein denaturation which occurred. Ultrathin sections were stained with 1, uranyl acetate and lead citrate, 2, silicotungstic acid, or 3, osmium vapor, prior to electron microscope examination of visual cell outer segment ultrastructure, at magnifications up to 800,000.Sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate (Fig. 1) showed that the individual disc membranes consisted of a central lipid core about 78Å thick in which dark-staining 40Å masses appeared to be embedded from either side.

scholarly journals Chinese hamster ovary cell line DXB-11: chromosomal instability and karyotype heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Turilova ◽  
Tatyana S. Goryachaya ◽  
Tatiana K. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Ovary Cell ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Karyotype Heterogeneity

Abstract Background Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, also known as CHO cells, represent a large family of related, yet quite different, cell lines which are metabolic mutants derived from the original cell line, CHO-ori. Dihydrofolate reductase-deficient DXB-11 cell line, one of the first CHO derivatives, serves as the host cell line for the production of therapeutic proteins. It is generally assumed that DXB-11 is identical to DUKX or CHO-DUK cell lines, but, to our knowledge, DXB-11 karyotype has not been described yet. Results Using differential staining approaches (G-, C-banding and Ag-staining), we presented DXB-11 karyotype and revealed that karyotypes of DXB-11 and CHO-DUK cells have a number of differences. Although the number of chromosomes is equal—20 in each cell line—DXB-11 has normal chromosomes of the 1st and 5th pairs as well as an intact chromosome 8. Besides, in DXB-11 line, chromosome der(Z9) includes the material of chromosomes X and 6, whereas in CHO-DUK it results from the translocation of chromosomes 1 and 6. Ag-positive nucleolar organizer regions were revealed in the long arms of chromosome del(4)(q11q12) and both chromosome 5 homologues, as well as in the short arms of chromosomes 8 and add(8)(q11). Only 19 from 112 (16.96%) DXB-11 cells display identical chromosome complement accepted as the main structural variant of karyotype. The karyotype heterogeneity of all the rest of cells (93, 83.04%) occurs due to clonal and nonclonal additional structural rearrangements of chromosomes. Estimation of the frequency of chromosome involvement in these rearrangements allowed us to reveal that chromosomes 9, der(X)t(X;3;4), del(2)(p21p23), del(2)(q11q22) /Z2, der(4) /Z7, add(6)(p11) /Z8 are the most stable, whereas mar2, probably der(10), is the most unstable chromosome. A comparative analysis of our own and literary data on CHO karyotypes allowed to designate conservative chromosomes, both normal and rearranged, that remain unchanged in different CHO cell lines, as well as variable chromosomes that determine the individuality of karyotypes of CHO derivatives. Conclusion DXB-11and CHO-DUK cell lines differ in karyotypes. The revealed differential instability of DXB-11 chromosomes is likely not incidental and results in karyotype heterogeneity of cell population.

Mechanism of Differential Staining in Carious Dentin

1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kuboki ◽  
C.-F. Liu ◽  
T. Fusayama
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Bacterial Origin ◽  
Dentin Matrix

The caries detector, 1.0% acid red sotution in proyylene glycol, failed to stain EDTA-demineralized bavine dentin matrix, but stained the same matrix when treated by lactic acid in a concentration above 0.01 M. Thus, acid of bacterial origin could possibly be responsible for the stainability change of carlous dentin in vivo.

scholarly journals SELECTIVE "STAINING" FOR ELECTRON MICROGRAPHY

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Mudd ◽  
Thomas F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Electron Micrography ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Microchemical Analysis ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Selective Chemical

The physical basis of contrast and image formation in electron micrography is considered in relation to the possibility of recording selective chemical effects on cell components. A technology of selective microchemical analysis, equivalent to differential staining, is suggested as practicable in electron micrography. Electron pictures of bacteria after exposure to salts of heavy metals have shown the bacterial inner protoplasm, but not the cell walls, to be selectively darkened; shrinkage, coagulation, or escape of protoplasm from the injured cells may result and be recorded in the electron micrographs. Recording of the action of germicidal agents on individual bacterial cells is indicated as one promising field of application of microchemical analysis with the aid of the electron microscope.

MyoD and Myf-5 define the specification of musculature of distinct embryonic origin

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kablar ◽  
Atsushi Asakura ◽  
Kirsten Krastel ◽  
Chuyan Ying ◽  
Linda L May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Body Wall Muscles ◽  
Myogenic Precursor

Mounting evidence supports the notion that Myf-5 and MyoD play unique roles in the development of epaxial (originating in the dorso-medial half of the somite, e.g. back muscles) and hypaxial (originating in the ventro-lateral half of the somite, e.g. limb and body wall muscles) musculature. To further understand how Myf-5 and MyoD genes co-operate during skeletal muscle specification, we examined and compared the expression pattern of MyoD-lacZ (258/-2.5lacZ and MD6.0-lacZ) transgenes in wild-type, Myf-5, and MyoD mutant embryos. We found that the delayed onset of muscle differentiation in the branchial arches, tongue, limbs, and diaphragm of MyoD-/- embryos was a consequence of a reduced ability of myogenic precursor cells to progress through their normal developmental program and not because of a defect in migration of muscle progenitor cells into these regions. We also found that myogenic precursor cells for back, intercostal, and abdominal wall musculature in Myf-5-/-embryos failed to undergo normal translocation or differentiation. By contrast, the myogenic precursors of intercostal and abdominal wall musculature in MyoD-/- embryos underwent normal translocation but failed to undergo timely differentiation. In conclusion, these observations strongly support the hypothesis that Myf-5 plays a unique role in the development of muscles arising after translocation of epithelial dermamyotome cells along the medial edge of the somite to the subjacent myotome (e.g., back or epaxial muscle) and that MyoD plays a unique role in the development of muscles arising from migratory precursor cells (e.g., limb and branchial arch muscles, tongue, and diaphragm). In addition, the expression pattern of MyoD-lacZ transgenes in the intercostal and abdominal wall muscles of Myf-5-/- and MyoD-/- embryos suggests that appropriate development of these muscles is dependent on both genes and, therefore, these muscles have a dual embryonic origin (epaxial and hypaxial).Key words: epaxial and hypaxial muscle, Myf-5, MyoD, mouse development, somite.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity among microtubules of the cytoplasmic microtubule complex detected by a monoclonal antibody to alpha tubulin.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
W C Thompson ◽  
D J Asai ◽  
D H Carney
Keyword(s):  
Differential Staining ◽  
Hypotonic Medium ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubule ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules ◽  
Fibroblastic Cells ◽  
In Cells

Three monoclonal antibodies specific for tubulin were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for their ability to stain cytoplasmic microtubules of mouse and human fibroblastic cells. We used double label immunofluorescence to compare the staining patterns of these antibodies with the total microtubule complex in the same cells that were stained with a polyclonal rabbit antitubulin reagent. Two of the monoclonal antitubulin antibodies bound to all of the cytoplasmic microtubules but Ab 1-6. 1 bound only a subset of cytoplasmic microtubules within individual fixed cells. Differential staining patterns were observed under various fixation conditions and staining protocols, in detergent-extracted cytoskeletons as well as in whole fixed cells. At least one physiologically defined subset of cytoplasmic microtubules, those remaining in cells pretreated for 1 h with 5 microM colcemid, appeared to consist entirely of Ab 1-6. 1 positive microtubules. The same was not true of the microtubules that remained in either cold-treated cells or in cells that had been exposed to hypotonic medium. The demonstration of antigenic differences among microtubules within single fixed cells and the apparent correlation of this antigenic difference with at least one "physiologically" defined subset suggests that mechanisms exist for the differential assembly or postassembly modification of individual microtubules in vivo, which may endow them with different physical or functional properties.

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