Decreased Expression of the c-Fos, but Not Jun B, Transcription Factor in the Auditory Pathway of the Rat after Repetitive Acoustic Stimulation

ORL ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annerose Keilmann ◽  
Thomas Herdegen
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Jun B

scholarly journals Transcription Factor jun-B is Target of Autoreactive T-Cells in IDDM

Diabetes ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Honeyman ◽  
D. S. Cram ◽  
L. C. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Autoreactive T Cells ◽  
Jun B

scholarly journals Electroacoustic Stimulation: Now and into the Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Irving ◽  
L. Gillespie ◽  
R. Richardson ◽  
D. Rowe ◽  
J. B. Fallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Music Appreciation ◽  
Residual Hearing ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Current Trends

Cochlear implants have provided hearing to hundreds of thousands of profoundly deaf people around the world. Recently, the eligibility criteria for cochlear implantation have been relaxed to include individuals who have some useful residual hearing. These recipients receive inputs from both electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS). Implant recipients who can combine these hearing modalities demonstrate pronounced benefit in speech perception, listening in background noise, and music appreciation over implant recipients that rely on electrical stimulation alone. The mechanisms bestowing this benefit are unknown, but it is likely that interaction of the electric and acoustic signals in the auditory pathway plays a role. Protection of residual hearing both during and following cochlear implantation is critical for EAS. A number of surgical refinements have been implemented to protect residual hearing, and the development of hearing-protective drug and gene therapies is promising for EAS recipients. This review outlines the current field of EAS, with a focus on interactions that are observed between these modalities in animal models. It also outlines current trends in EAS surgery and gives an overview of the drug and gene therapies that are clinically translatable and may one day provide protection of residual hearing for cochlear implant recipients.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Residual Inhibition is Associated with Hearing Loss and Tinnitus Chronicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyi Hu ◽  
Lukas Anschuetz ◽  
Deborah A. Hall ◽  
Marco Caversaccio ◽  
Wilhelm Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Residual Inhibition

Residual inhibition, i.e. the temporary suppression of tinnitus loudness after acoustic stimulation, is a frequently observed phenomenon that may have prognostic value for clinical applications. However, it is unclear in which subjects residual inhibition is more likely and how stable the suppression can be induced repeatedly. The primary aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of hearing loss and tinnitus chronicity on residual inhibition susceptibility. The secondary aim was to investigate the short-term repeatability of residual inhibition. Residual inhibition was assessed in 74 tinnitus subjects with 60-second narrow-band noise stimuli in 10 consecutive trials. The subjects were assigned to groups according to their depth of suppression (substantial residual inhibition vs. comparator group). In addition, a categorization in normal hearing and hearing loss groups, related to the degree of hearing loss at the frequency corresponding to the tinnitus pitch, was made. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with susceptibility to residual inhibition. Repeatability of residual inhibition was assessed using mixed-effects ordinal regression including post-stimulus time and repetitions as factors. Tinnitus chronicity was not associated with residual inhibition for subjects with hearing loss, while a statistically significant negative association between tinnitus chronicity and residual inhibition susceptibility was observed in normal hearing subjects (odds ratio: 0.63; CI: 0.41 to 0.83; p = 0.0076). Moreover, repeated states of suppression can be stably induced. Our results suggest that long chronicity and residual inhibition susceptibility could be indicators for hidden lesions along the auditory pathway in subjects with normal hearing thresholds at their tinnitus frequency.

scholarly journals Phonotactic steering and representation of directional information in the ascending auditory pathway of a cricket

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lv ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
B. Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Directional Hearing ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Auditory Interneuron ◽  
Bilateral Differences ◽  
The Brain

Directional hearing is crucial for animals depending on acoustic signals to locate a mate. We focused on crickets to explore the reliability of directional information forwarded to the brain by the ascending auditory interneuron AN1, which is crucial for phonotactic behavior. We presented calling song from −45° to +45° in steps of 3° and compared the phonotactic steering of females walking on a trackball with the directional responses of AN1. Forty percent of females showed good steering behavior and changed their walking direction when the speaker passed the body’s longitudinal axis. The bilateral latency difference between right and left AN1 responses was small and may not be reliable for auditory steering. In respect to spike count, all AN1 recordings presented significant bilateral differences for angles larger than ±18°, yet 35% showed a mean significant difference of 1–3 action potentials per chirp when the frontal stimulus deviated by 3° from their length axis. For small angles, some females had a very similar AN1 activity forwarded to the brain, but the accuracy of their steering behavior was substantially different. Our results indicate a correlation between directional steering and the response strength of AN1, especially for large angles. The reliable steering of animals at small angles would have to be based on small bilateral differences of AN1 activity, if AN1 is the only source providing directional information. We discuss whether such bilateral response difference at small angles can provide a reliable measure to generate auditory steering commands descending from the brain, as pattern recognition is intensity independent. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ascending auditory interneuron AN1 has been implicated in cricket auditory steering, but at small acoustic stimulation angles, it does not provide reliable directional information. We conclude that either the small bilateral auditory activity differences of the AN1 neurons are enhanced to generate reliable descending steering commands or, more likely, directional auditory steering is mediated via a thoracic pathway, as indicated by the reactive steering hypothesis.

scholarly journals Differences in expression of transcription factor AP-1 in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells during differentiation towards macrophages versus granulocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Mollinedo ◽  
C Gajate ◽  
A Tugores ◽  
I Flores ◽  
J R Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Monocytic Differentiation ◽  
Granulocytic Differentiation ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
Jun B

Commitment of HL-60 cells to macrophage or granulocytic differentiation was achieved by incubation with 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 30-60 min or with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for 24 h respectively. The commitment stage towards PMA-induced macrophage differentiation was associated with increases in jun B and c-fos mRNA levels, as well as with an increase in the binding activity of transcription factor AP-1. Nevertheless, gel retardation analysis indicated that the AP-1 activity detected in untreated cells was drastically reduced during the commitment stage of DMSO-induced HL-60 differentiation towards granulocytes. When HL-60 cells were treated with sodium butyrate, which induced monocytic differentiation, a remarkable increase in AP-1 binding activity was detected. Treatment of HL-60 cells with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, another monocytic differentiation agent, induced a weak, but appreciable, increase in AP-1 activity. Furthermore, addition of sodium butyrate or 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to HL-60 cells induced the expression of c-fos, c-jun, jun B and jun D proto-oncogenes. In contrast, when HL-60 cells were treated with retinoic acid, a granulocytic differentiation inducer, no enhanced AP-1 binding activity was observed, and only a weak increase in jun D mRNA level was detected. These data indicate that formation of AP-1 is not required for the induction of HL-60 differentiation towards granulocytes, whereas induction of monocytic differentiation is correlated with an increase in AP-1 activity. The differential expression of AP-1 activity may be critical in the differentiation of HL-60 cells towards monocytic or granulocytic lineages.

scholarly journals The activity of the primary auditory cortex and auditory pathway under acoustic stimulation: a MEMRI Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hyungjun Kim ◽  
Junghun Cho ◽  
Young R. Kim ◽  
Youngkyu Song ◽  
Song-I Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation
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