Natural Allergen Exposure Does Not Influence the Density of Goblet Cells in the Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

ORL ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Karlsson ◽  
Ulf Pipkorn
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Allergen Exposure

An Instant, Safe, Antihistamine, Anti-Inflammatory and Decongestant Polymeric Nasal Barrier to Prevent and To Treat Allergic Rhinitis in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Ravi Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Allergen Exposure ◽  
Glycerol Solution

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) in children is a common chronic pathology with a strong impact on patient quality of life. The main physiopathology affects the nasal cavity as a multi-factorial disease involving nasal mucosa damage, nasal inflammation with high concentrations of histamine, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as histamine, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IgE antibodies on the nasal mucosa. Systemic entry of these proteins through damaged nasal mucosa maintains continued inflammatory and allergen cascades. Therefore, an ideal treatment should be multitarget in order to stop allergen exposure, inflammation, and nasal mucosa barrier degradation, but such treatments are nearly impossible to conceive. We envisaged an osmotic and protective nasal barrier film, not only capable of protecting the nasal mucosa from allergen exposure but also of trapping and neutralizing selected cytokines and cleaning the nasal surface continuously without using any harmful substance for children. Materials and Methods: We associated highly osmotic glycerol solution with specific plant polymers to conceive an osmotic but stable film. As plant polymers (tannins) can bind with selective proteins, a range of glycerol binding non-cytotoxic polymers were screened using the sandwich ELISA method to select those having binding affinity for allergen induced nasal proinflammatory cytokines. After verifying cytotoxicity and irritant potential, a 15-day observational clinical study was performed with approval from the ethics committee on 30 children aged between 4-13, suffering from allergic rhinitis. The test product (TP) was supplied in 15-ml nasal sprays and applied 2-3 times per day for a period of 15 days. Saline solution served as control (CP). The scores of nasal and ocular symptoms, effect on quality of life, eosinophil count in nasal smears, and need for antihistamine treatment was evaluated at the start, at 30 minutes and on days 2, 3 and 15 of treatment. Results: A few specific polymers were able to bind with selected cytokines and histamine at adequate filmogen concentrations. The osmotic film was stable, non-irritant and was able to clean the nasal mucosa continuously for 4-6h after each application. Clinical observations of Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) grouping the scores of nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching, revealed a strong decrease right after the 1st treatment in both groups but the reduction was much stronger and faster with the TP. The mean TNSS score reduction was 44.74% in CP vs 83.53% in the TP group after 7 days of treatment (p<0.001). Total Ocular Symptom Score (TOSS) was decreased by 21.13% and 51.41% in CP v/s 35.12 and 99.59% in TP group on days 2 and 7, respectively. Nasal smear eosinophil count was equally strongly reduced in the TP v/s CP group. No treatment-related side effects were recorded in any of the groups. Conclusion: Protecting the nasal mucosa against allergens, neutralizing inflammatory cytokines, and keeping the nasal surface clean with an osmotic polymeric film, constitute a major breakthrough for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. This simple but scientific and logical approach should avoid exposing children to chemicals and to their long-term side effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Intranasal Hypertonic Dead Sea Saline Spray and Intranasal Aqueous Triamcinolone Spray in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Cordray ◽  
Jim B. Harjo ◽  
Linda Miner
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Positive Effect

Intranasal corticosteroids are well known to be efficacious in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Nasal irrigation with saline, including hypertonic saline, has long been recommended for the treatment of sinonasal disease, and it has been shown to have a positive effect on the physiology of the nasal mucosa. Until now, no study of the clinical efficacy of intranasal hypertonic Dead Sea saline as a monotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis has been reported. We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of intranasal hypertonic Dead Sea saline spray and intranasal aqueous triamcinolone spray in 15 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Results were based on a 7-day regimen. Based on Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores, clinically and statistically significant (p < 0.0001) improvements were seen in both active-treatment groups; as expected, the corticosteroid spray was the more effective of the two treatments. No significant improvement occurred in the control group. Our preliminary results not only confirm the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroid therapy in moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, they also suggest that the Dead Sea saline solution can be an effective alternative in mild-to-moderate allergic rhinitis, particularly with respect to nasal and eye symptoms. The hypertonicity of the Dead Sea solution may have a positive effect on the physiology of the nasal mucosa by improving mucociliary clearance. In addition, the dominant cation in the Dead Sea solution— magnesium— probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the nasal mucosa and on the systemic immune response.

scholarly journals Upregulation of IL17RB during Natural Allergen Exposure in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Matsumoto ◽  
Emiko Noguchi ◽  
Yoshimasa Imoto ◽  
Kentaro Nanatsue ◽  
Kaoru Takeshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Allergen Exposure

Expression of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and heat shock protein 70 in nasal mucosal smears of patients with allergic rhinitis: investigation using a liquid-based method

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Chalastras ◽  
P Nicolopoulou-Stamati ◽  
E Patsouris ◽  
A Eleftheriadou ◽  
D Kandiloros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Chi Square

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to investigate expression of the neuropeptides substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and heat shock protein 70 in the nasal mucosa cells of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, in order to obtain more information on the pathophysiological and immunological role of these markers in allergic rhinitis.Material and methods:Nasal epithelium specimens obtained from 42 patients with allergic rhinitis were studied, using Shandon's Papspin liquid-based cytology method. Smears were immunostained with antibodies against substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and heat shock protein 70, and the results were correlated with the clinical features of seasonal allergic rhinitis.Results:A positive reaction for substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and heat shock protein 70 was observed in 73.8, 66.7 and 69.0 per cent of the allergic rhinitis mucosal smears, respectively. The Pearson chi-square test showed that 40.5 per cent of the immunostained smears had a positive reaction for one or two of the markers studied (i.e. substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide or heat shock protein 70), and that 47.6 per cent of the smears had a positive reaction for all the markers (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:We found a high level of expression of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the nasal mucosa smears of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. This indicates a role for these neuropeptides in the neuroregulation of immunity and hypersensivity in this disease. Furthermore, expression of heat shock protein 70 may contribute to the development of allergic rhinitis.

scholarly journals Breath Markers of Oxidative Stress and Airway Inflammation in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gratziou ◽  
N. Rovina ◽  
M. Makris ◽  
D.C.M. Simoes ◽  
A. Papapetropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Allergen Exposure ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Exhaled Air

Oxidative stress (OS) is well documented in asthma, but so far little data has been reported in non-asthmatic patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR). The aim of this study is to investigate the degree of OS and airway inflammation in patients with SAR, with and without concomitant Asthma (SAR +A), using breath markers in exhaled air and in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC). In addition, the effects of natural allergen exposure and intranasal steroid treatment on these markers were evaluated. Exhaled NO (eNO) and CO, combined with measurements of 8-Isoprostane (Iso-8), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and nitrate/nitrite in EBC, were performed in 23 patients, 11 with SAR and 12 with SAR+A, and 16 healthy subjects. Iso-8 and LTB4 were significantly increased in both groups of patients (median values 43.6 pg/ml and 138.4 pg/ml in SAR group; 38.9 pg/ml, and 164.6 pg/ml in SAR+A group respectively; p>0.05) compared to healthy subjects (18.6 pg/ml and 7.8 pg/ml; p<0.05). Nitrate/nitrite and eNO levels were elevated in both groups compared to controls, but were significantly higher in the SAR+A compared to SAR group (nitrate/nitrite 9 μM and 3.9 μM; p=0.025; and eNO 18.5 ppb and 12.5 ppb, respectively; p>0.05). Nasal steroids caused significant reduction in LTB4 and 8-isoprostane levels in both groups of patients (p<0.05), while nitrate levels and eNO concentration were little affected by nasal treatment. OS markers were decreased at normal levels out of pollen season. Natural allergen exposure induces OS and airway inflammation, as assessed by measurements of markers in EBC and exhaled air, in patients with SAR who have no clinical signs of lower airway involvement. Besides, intranasal steroid treatment may have a regulatory role in the OS.

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