External Validity in the Study of Human Development: Theoretical and Methodological Issues

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Hultsch ◽  
Tom Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Methodological Issues

Designing for democracy?: an experimental study comparing the outcomes of citizen discussions in online forums with those of online discussions in a forum designed according to deliberative principles

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Strandberg
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Public Deliberation ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Democratic theorists often envision public deliberation as being essential to the working of democracy. Several scholars have also highlighted a potential for realising such deliberations on the internet. Consequentially, an emerging array of experiments in online deliberation has now been developed to achieve online discussions, which would be beneficial for democracy. However, few studies have yet attempted to compare the outcomes of online mini-publics to online citizens’ discussions in general. This article, thus, concerns an online experiment carried out in 2013 with the purpose of examining whether, and under which conditions, forums designed according to deliberative principles produce better ‘democratic outcomes’ – such as coherence of opinions, increased efficacy, trust, and propensity for civic participation – than online citizens’ discussions, which are ‘left to their own devices’. The study applies a post-test only, 2×2 factorial design, with a control group. In total, N=70 participants taking part in the experiment. The findings indicate that the effects of designing for deliberation were generally positive, albeit not for all of the democratic outcomes. In addition, methodological issues of relevance for the internal and external validity of the current experiment, which could be of relevance for future studies, are also brought forth.

Ecological Validity as a Key Feature of External Validity in Research on Human Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Diehl ◽  
Hans-Werner Wahl ◽  
Alexandra Freund
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Ecological Validity

scholarly journals Methodological issues when using face prototypes: A case study on the Faceaurus dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Bovet ◽  
Arnaud Tognetti ◽  
Thomas Victor Pollet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Facial Stimuli

Prototype faces, created by averaging faces from several individuals sharing a common characteristic (for example a certain personality trait), can be used for highly informative experimental designs in face research. Although the facial prototype method is both ingenious and useful, in this paper we argue that its implementation is associated with two major issues: pseudoreplication and lack of external validity, both aggravated by a lack of transparency regarding the methods used and their limitations. Here, we describe these limitations and illustrate our claims with a systematic review of studies creating facial stimuli using the prototypes dataset “Faceaurus”(Holtzman, 2011). We then propose some solutions that can eliminate or reduce these problems and consequently improve on how the facial prototype method is being used. We provide recommendations for future research employing this method on how to produce more generalisable and replicable results.

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