Growth and Development of the Exocrine Pancreas in Newborn Pigs: The Effect of Colostrum Feeding

Neonatology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Mubiru ◽  
Ruo-Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Colostrum Feeding

PSV-7 Colostrum Intake Level Is Related to Level of Total Circulating Proteins and Essential Amino Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
Aridany Suarez-Trujillo ◽  
L Kirsten Senn ◽  
Kelsey Teeple ◽  
Larissa K Shirley ◽  
Conor McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract Colostrum intake potentiates piglet survival by transfer of immune factors. Additionally, colostrum also contains nutritional and bioactive molecules which could promote piglet’s growth and development. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of colostrum intake amount during the first 24h on plasma insulin, glucose, protein, and amino acid (AA) concentrations. Two female piglets were selected from 8 litters (n = 16) at birth and fed 10% (COL10) or 20% (COL20) colostrum based on birth weight over 12 bottle feedings occurring every 2h. Colostrum was collected from multiple sows and mixed to create a homogeneous pool. At birth and 24h, blood sample were collected, plasma separated and used to measure insulin, glucose, total protein, and AA concentrations. Analysis of the variance (PROC MIXED, SAS v.9.4) was used to evaluate significant (P≤0.05) differences between colostrum dose and time (birth vs. 24h). Colostrum intake did not influence plasma insulin at 24h (P=0.54). Glucose was higher at 24h (P< 0.001), but did not differ between COL10 and COL20 piglets (P=0.74). Total protein was greater at 24h (P< 0.001) as well as in COL20 compared to COL10 (P=0.006). Non-essential AAs (Ala, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gly and Glu) were reduced at 24h compared to birth (P< 0.03), while essential AAs (His, Ile, Met, Phe, Trp and Val) were increased after 24h of colostrum feeding (P< 0.05). At 24h, COL20 piglets had greater Ile and Met (P< 0.03) and tended (P=0.08) to have greater Leu and Phe. In conclusion, colostrum intake increases glycemia as well as total circulating proteins, and the dose of colostrum is related with greater circulation of total protein and essential AAs.

Effects of Colostrum Feeding on Intestinal Development in Newborn Pigs

Neonatology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wang ◽  
Ruo-Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Colostrum Feeding

scholarly journals Exocrine Pancreatic Maturation in Pre-term and Term Piglets Supplemented With Bovine Colostrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Arévalo Sureda ◽  
Kateryna Pierzynowska ◽  
Björn Weström ◽  
Per Torp Sangild ◽  
Thomas Thymann
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Colostrum Feeding

Pre-term infants have an immature digestive system predisposing to short- and long-term complications including feeding intolerance, maldigestion and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Optimal feeding strategies are required to promote maturation of the gut including the exocrine pancreas. Little is known about age- and diet-related development of pancreatic exocrine enzymes following pre-term birth. Currently, bovine colostrum supplementation is investigated in clinical trials on pre-term infants. Using pigs as models for infants, we hypothesized that pancreatic enzyme content is (1) immature following pre-term birth, (2) stimulated by early colostrum supplementation, and (3) stimulated by later colostrum fortification. Thus, using piglets as models for infants, we measured trypsin, amylase, lipase and total protein in pancreatic tissue collected from piglets delivered by cesarean section either pre-term (90% gestation) or close to term. Experiment 1:Pre-term and term pigs were compared at birth and 11 days. Experiment 2: Pre-term and term pigs were either enterally supplemented with bovine colostrum or fed total parenteral nutrition for 5 days, followed by exclusive milk feeding until day 26. Experiment 3: Pre-term pigs were fed bovine's milk with or without colostrum fortification until 19 days. The results showed that pancreatic trypsin, amylase and total protein contents were reduced in pre-term vs. term pigs. Trypsin mainly increased with advancing post-conceptional age (2-fold), while amylase was affected predominantly by advancing post-natal age, and mostly in pre-term pigs from birth to 11 or 26 days. Colostrum feeding in both term and pre-term piglets decreased trypsin and increased amylase contents. Lipase activity decreased with advancing gestational age at birth and post-natal age, with no consistent responses to colostrum feeding, with lipase activities decreasing relative to total pancreatic protein content. In summary, key pancreatic enzymes, amylase and trypsin, are immature following pre-term birth, potentially contributing to reduced digestive capacity in pre-term neonates. Rapid post-natal increases occurs within few weeks of pre-term birth, partly stimulated by enteral colostrum intake, reflecting a marked adaptation capacity. Alternatively, lipase is less affected by pre-/post-natal age and feeding. Thus, there is a highly enzyme-specific and asymmetric perinatal development of the exocrine pancreas.

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

The Fundamentals of the Clinical Fellowship Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Melanie Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
New Graduate ◽  
Independent Practitioner

The Clinical Fellowship Experience is described by the American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) as the transition period from constant supervision to independent practitioner. It is typically the first paid professional experience for the new graduate, and may be in a setting with which the new clinician has little or even no significant practical experience. The mentor of a clinical fellow (CF) plays an important role in supporting the growth and development of this new professional in areas that extend beyond application of clinical skills and knowledge. This article discusses how the mentor may provide this support within a framework that facilitates the path to clinical independence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document