Tooth Form and Function: Insights into Adaptation through the Analysis of Dental Microwear

Author(s):  
Peter S. Ungar
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 449-467
Author(s):  
Leslea J. Hlusko ◽  
Peter S. Ungar

Colleagues often refer to Alan Walker as the Eric Clapton (one of the most influential musicians of the late twentieth century) of palaeoanthropology in recognition of the artistry of his science. His field discoveries filled major gaps in our knowledge of primate evolution, such as elucidating the Miocene world of Proconsul and finding the transitional ‘Black Skull’ of Australopithecus aethiopicus and the skeleton of a Homo erectus boy. In addition to discovering these remarkable fossils, Alan was essential in bringing a palaeobiological approach to the laboratory interpretation of their bony morphology. He used the relationships between form and function in living species as a baseline for understanding the past, he pioneered dental microwear analysis to infer diet and was an early-adopter of the use of microCT to explore the internal structure of primate ear bones. Beyond these scientific accomplishments, however, it was Alan's grace and generosity that truly set him apart from his peers. As the patriarch of an extensive intellectual family of students, postdocs and colleagues, Alan taught by example how to be intellectually creative, brave, meticulous, generous and kind. His legacy will long be felt in both the science and the culture of palaeoanthropology.


2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Reichel

The objective of this study is to analyze how different crown morphologies and different root lengths respond to stresses generated by the bite forces of Albertosaurus sarcophagus and Tyrannosaurus rex . Six well-preserved teeth of A. sarcophagus from the Albertosaurus bonebed in Dry Island Park (southern Alberta) were selected to study their biomechanics, and T. rex teeth were included for comparison. The three-dimensional (3-D) models were obtained through computerized tomography (CT) scanning and 3-D digitizing. Finite element analyses were performed in Strand7®. Bite forces for Albertosaurus and Tyrannosaurus were calculated based on cranial and jaw proportions. The results were viewed with the Tresca yield criterion. The ratios of shear stresses observed along the mesio-distal versus labio-lingual axes of all models allows the identification of similar stress distribution patterns in the upper and lower jaws of Albertosaurus and the upper jaws of Tyrannosaurus, with a higher amount of shear along the mesio-distal axis occurring in the mid-maxillary teeth. The dentary teeth of Tyrannosaurus, however, show a different stress distribution pattern, with a higher amount of shear occurring along the labio-lingual axis of the mid-dentary teeth. These differences in jaw mechanics suggest that the function of teeth in the lower jaw of Tyrannosaurus shifted a few positions to compensate different proportions in the dentary that cause the anterior dentary teeth to be aligned with the largest maxillary teeth in Tyrannosaurus. These results suggest that heterodonty in these groups is different and that tooth form and function are sensitive to jaw proportions.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Lendrawati Lendrawati

Motivation is a fundamental impulse that drives a person to behave in undertaking activities that are expected. Motivation as a concept that is used when the self emerged a desire and drive or direct behavior. The higher the intensity the higher the motivation of behavior. Maintaining a fixed gear means an action to prevent tooth decay, dental care for the sick and restoring damaged teeth and abnormalities of the hard and soft tissues to restore tooth form and function, aesthetic value and protection of the supporting tissues of the teeth and maintaining teeth as long as possible in the oral cavity. Knowledge of dental disease is important to know how to maintain healthy teeth to increase the motivation to maintain one's teeth Knowledge gained will form the attitude is a predisposition for sustaining behavior teeth.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Lendrawati Lendrawati

Motivation is a fundamental impulse that drives a person to behave in undertaking activities that are expected. Motivation as a concept that is used when the self emerged a desire and drive or direct behavior. The higher the intensity the higher the motivation of behavior. Maintaining a fixed gear means an action to prevent tooth decay, dental care for the sick and restoring damaged teeth and abnormalities of the hard and soft tissues to restore tooth form and function, aesthetic value and protection of the supporting tissues of the teeth and maintaining teeth as long as possible in the oral cavity. Knowledge of dental disease is important to know how to maintain healthy teeth to increase the motivation to maintain one's teeth Knowledge gained will form the attitude is a predisposition for sustaining behavior teeth.


Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).


2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Fluke ◽  
Russell J. Webster ◽  
Donald A. Saucier

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