Urinary Content of 3′,5′-Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) and Creatinine in Full-Term and Premature Infants

G.M. Maxwell; G.W. Dahlenburg; V. Rencis

doi:10.1159/000241051

The Auditory Steady-State Response: Full-Term and Premature Neonates

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715969 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (05) ◽

pp. 260-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Barbara Cone-Wesson ◽

John Parker ◽

Nina Swiderski ◽

Field Rickards

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Modulation Frequency ◽

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Full Term ◽

Steady State Response ◽

Pass Rates ◽

Term Infants ◽

State Response ◽

Auditory Steady State Response

Two studies were aimed at developing the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) for universal newborn hearing screening. First, neonates who had passed auditory brainstem response, transient evoked otoacoustic emission, and distortion-product otoacoustic emission tests were also tested with ASSRs using modulated tones that varied in frequency and level. Pass rates were highest (> 90%) for amplitude-modulated tones presented at levels ≥ 69 dB SPL. The effect of modulation frequency on ASSR for 500- and 2000-Hz tones was evaluated in full-term and premature infants in the second study. Full-term infants had higher pass rates for 2000-Hz tones amplitude modulated at 74 to 106 Hz compared with pass rates for a 500-Hz tone modulated at 58 to 90 Hz. Premature infants had lower pass rates than full-term infants for both carrier frequencies. Systematic investigation of ASSR threshold and the effect of modulation frequency in neonates is needed to adapt the technique for screening.

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Intraventricular Hemorrhages in Full Term and Premature Infants

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey ◽

10.1097/00006254-197903000-00014 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 217-219

Author(s):

JANE F. DONAT ◽

HARUO OKAZAKI ◽

FREDRIC KLEINBERG ◽

THOMAS J. REAGAN

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Full Term

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Round Table Discussion

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.8.3.431 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 431-434

Author(s):

HEYWORTH N. SANFORD ◽

J. HAROLD ROOT ◽

R. H. GRAHAM

Keyword(s):

Premature Infant ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Death Rate ◽

Round Table ◽

Term Infant ◽

Full Term ◽

Round Table Discussion ◽

Premature Births ◽

Term Infants ◽

Full Term Infant

Chairman Sanford: Dr. Herman N. Bundesen, Commissioner of Health of Chicago, organized 12 years ago the "Chicago Premature Plan." This consists in registering all premature infants with the City Health Department within a few hours after birth. The premature infant who is born at home, or in a hospital that does not have adequate premature care, is transported in an oxygenated incubator ambulance to a hospital which specializes in such care. From 1936 to 1947 premature infant deaths in Chicago have been lowered 6½%. The full term infant death rate during the same period has been lowered about 3%. Inasmuch as the premature death rate has been lowered about double that of the full term infant rate, we believe this procedure has been the cause of reduction. In 1936 there were 47,000 live births in Chicago. In 1947 there were 82,000, or an increase of 80%. In this number the full term infants increased from 45% to 60%, whereas the premature infants increased from 2000 to over 5000, or about 140% increase of premature infants born in Chicago during the last 10 years. This adds a considerable increase to the number of infants for our available premature infants beds. Where formerly we planned 5 premature births to each 100 full term births, we now find that prematures have increased to 8 per 100 full term infants. Causes of prematurity are multiple births, toxemia, heart disease, syphilis, tuberculosis, infections, accidents, premature separation of the placenta and abnormalities of the reproduction tract. It is generally understood that there is a tendency for more premature births among the Negro race than the white race.

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Growth Hormone Response to Insulin–Induced Hypoglycemia in Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.48.6.998a ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 998-999

Author(s):

S. H. Reisner ◽

M. Cornblath ◽

Ronald W. Gotlin

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Full Term ◽

Growth Hormone Response ◽

Hormone Response ◽

Marked Rise ◽

Hormone Levels

In the article by J. R. Humbert and R. W. Gotlin,1 the authors state that previous reports in which hypoglycemia was induced artificially with insulin demonstrated a variable growth hormone response. They then refer to the paper by Cornblath, et al.2 as reporting a failure to obtain a rise in growth hormone levels. This is incorrect as we found that insulin-induced hypoglycemia actually resulted in a very marked rise in growth hormone levels in both the full-term and premature infants tested.

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Platelet Counts in Thriving Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.42.4.685 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 685-689

Author(s):

Arturo J. Aballi ◽

Yupha Puapondh ◽

Franklin Desposito

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Full Term ◽

Large Series ◽

Mean Values ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Phase Platelet

Phase platelet counts in a large series of premature infants showed mean levels of 220,000/mm3, 260,000/mm3 and 309,000/mm3 during the first 2 days and in the second and in the fourth week respectively. An additional confirmatory series of infants with weights of 1,500 gm or less showed comparable values. These were followed during the first 2 days, the sixth or seventh day, the tenth or eleventh day, the fourteenth or fifteenth day, and the twenty-eighth to thirtieth day. Mean values were 203,000/mm3, 255,000/mm3, 272,000/mm3, 309,000/mm3, and 354,000/mm3, respectively. A steady rise was generally observed during the first month of life irrespective of birth weight. In the first 2 days of life, platelet values under 150,000/mm3 are more common in premature infants than in full-term babies. However, counts under 100,000/mm3 at any time are unusual and suggest a search for pathological factors. Figures under 50,000/mm3 should be considered frankly abnormal under any circumstances.

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URINARY EXCRETION OF PHENOLIC AND INDOLIC COMPOUNDS, METACATECHOLAMINES, AND VMA BY FULL-TERM AND PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.41.4.777 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 777-783

Author(s):

Demetre Nicolopoulos ◽

Anthony Agathopoulos ◽

Calliope Danelatou-Athanassiadou ◽

Marianthi Bafataki

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Homogentisic Acid ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Catabolic Pathways ◽

Indolic Compounds

The 24-hour urinary excretion of phenolic and indolie compounds, metacatechol-amines, and VMA by full-term and premature infants on their first and fifteenth days of life was studied. The presence of metabolites from all three main catabolic pathways of tryptophan was noted in both groups of infants. 3-indole-acetic and 3-indole-propionic acids were present on the first day of life in the urine of full-term infants, but they were absent on the fifteenth day. Twenty phenolic acids were observed in both groups of infants, but their excretion varied a great deal. Homogentisic acid was not excreted on the first day of life of full-term and premature infants, but it was found in the urine of full-term infants on the fifteenth day of life. The variations of excretion of VMA generally followed that of metacatecholamines. The excretion of VMA by the premature infants on their fifteenth day of life is four- to fivefold that of the first day and reaches adult levels, in contrast to the moderate decrease of VMA excretion of the fuil-term infants on the fifteenth day. The degree of maturation of the enzymic systems involved is discussed as a probable cause of these variations.

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Carbohydrate Malabsorption in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.57.2.201 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

Linda Sue Book ◽

John J. Herbst ◽

August L. Jung

Keyword(s):

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Advanced Disease ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Stool Specimens ◽

Reducing Substances ◽

Carbohydrate Intolerance ◽

Prospective Investigation

A prospective investigation was conducted to determine if infants with necrotizing enterocolitis had evidence of carbohydrate intolerance prior to the onset of clinical symptoms of advanced disease. Stool specimens were examined for fecal reducing substances with Clintest tablets from well, full-term infants and sick premature infants. Only two of 45 (4.4%) formula-fed, full-term infants demonstrated higher than 2 + fecal reducing substances. Ten of 14 (71%) formula-fed premature infants who developed necrotizing enterocolitis had higher than 2 + reducing substances detected in their stools. Daily measurement of fecal reducing substances can be a useful adjunct in the management of sick premature infants.

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ANALYSIS OF FETAL AND NEONATAL DEATHS IN 4117 CONSECUTIVE BIRTHS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.5.2.184 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 184-192

Author(s):

HERBERT C. MILLER

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Full Term ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

Term Infants ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Postmortem Examinations

An analysis of the significant causes of death in 4117 consecutive births was made; there were 66 fetal deaths and 85 neonatal deaths. A significant cause of death was determined in 51 fetuses and 56 live-born infants. Eighty-five per cent of the live-born infants who weighed over 1000 gm. at birth and had postmortem examinations had causes of death which were considered to be significant. Almost half of the live-born premature infants with birth weights between 1000 and 2500 gm. were considered to have had more than one significant cause of death. The so-called significant causes of death among live-born infants differed from those determined for fetuses dying before birth. Among the former, pathologic conditions in the infants were determined four times more frequently than in those dying before birth and, in the latter, maternal complications of pregnancy and labor were diagnosed as significant causes of death five times more frequently than in infants dying in the neonatal period. Hyaline-like material in the lung was considered to be the most frequent significant cause of death in live-born premature infants; congenital malformation and anoxia resulting from complications of labor were the most frequently determined significant causes of death in live-born full term infants. No differences were found in the significant causes of death in premature and full term fetuses. Anoxia resulting from accidental and unexpected interruption of the blood flow in the placenta and umbilical cord and from dystocia was the most frequently determined significant cause of death in both groups. A plea has been made for the adoption by obstetricians, pathologists and pediatricians of a formal uniform plan of classifying the causes of fetal and neonatal death which would divest current efforts to determine the cause of death of as much vague terminology and arbitrary opinion as possible.

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