Carbon Dioxide Tension and Acid-Base Balance of Human Amniotic Fluid at the End of Gestation

Neonatology ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels C.R. Räihä ◽  
Tapani V Kauraniemi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Base Balance

STUDIES OF ACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-771
Author(s):  
HELEN S. REARDON ◽  
BRUCE D. GRAHAM ◽  
JAMES L. WILSON ◽  
MARY L. BAUMANN ◽  
MAKEPEACE U. TSAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Total Base ◽  
The Mean

A study of the acid base balance of arterial blood in 92 premature infants, aged 1 to 65 days and 1.1 kg. to 2.3 kg. in weight, has been presented. The temporal artery blood was analyzed for pH, plasma CO2 content, chloride, total protein, total base. Alveolar carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) and "R" were calculated. Acid base analyses on the femoral artery blood of 16 adolescent well boys were used as controls. The study reveals the following salient facts: There is a wide variation in the blood chemical findings between normal, well premature infants. In addition, repeat determinations upon the same infants revealed a more labile blood chemical picture than is found in older infants or adults. No premature infant had all fractions of the acid base balance within the adult normal range. The mean values for pH, CO2 content and protein were reduced in premature infants, while the mean values for total base, chloride, phosphate and "R" were elevated as compared to the values for the adult controls. The mean value for carbon dioxide tension was normal. Sixty-seven per cent of the premature infants had the chemical findings of an uncompensated metabolic acidosis; 13% had a normal pH and CO2 content; 10% had a respiratory acidosis, 7% had a respiratory alkalosis and 3% were unclassified. There was no statistical correlation of acid base values to birth weight or age or weight at the time of chemical sampling. There was no difference of acid base values in infants who had been transfused by blood or plasma and those infants who had never been given blood or plasma transfusions. By clinical examination alone, the nature of the acid base variations could not be anticipated in what we generally consider as well premature infants. There was no correlation between the variations of the acid base disturbance and the prognosis for life in these babies. The fact that most premature infants have an increased hydrogen ion concentration and an unstable acid base balance may be additional reasons why premature babies so easily develop severe acidosis when any stress occurs, whether it is improper feeding, infection, etc. The cause of the acidosis in premature infants has not been established. The theory that premature infants have a partial anaerobic metabolism with a decreased production of carbon dioxide is tenable but not established.

Effects of Acute Changes in Acid-Base Balance on Renal Calcium Excretion in Dogs

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy James Williamson ◽  
Smith Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Calcium Reabsorption ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acute Changes

The effects of acute disturbances in acid-base balance on renal cation excretion were studied in dogs. Special attention was given to the excretory mechanism for calcium. Four different states were produced experimentally: respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis and compensated metabolic alkalosis. Additional experiments were carried out in normal and alkalotic animals subjected to calcium loading. Calcium reabsorption was found to vary directly with the filtered load of calcium. The increased excretion of calcium in acidosis appears to be due to an increase in filtered calcium. The percentage of reabsorption of filtered calcium was 98–99% in normal and acidotic dogs, but decreased to approximately 90% in animals made acutely alkalotic. However, the relative loss of water to calcium in the urine in acute alkalosis was decreased, resulting in an elevated renal threshold of retention of calcium in metabolic alkalosis. Data are included on the behavior of inorganic phosphate in the various states studied. Elevated carbon dioxide tension was associated with phosphate mobilization from the tissues regardless of whether or not the carbon dioxide excess was compensated for by extra alkali.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide removal in acetate hemodialysis: Effects on acid base balance

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Bosch ◽  
Sheldon Glabman ◽  
George Moutoussis ◽  
Mario Belledonne ◽  
Beat von Albertini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Acid-base balance studies of amniotic fluid in rhesus monkeys

1966 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri C. Kock ◽  
A. Elmore Seeds ◽  
Ronald E. Myers ◽  
L.A.M. Stolte ◽  
AndréE. Hellegers
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

scholarly journals Haemoglobin function in intact lamprey erythrocytes: interactions with membrane function in the regulation of gas transport and acid-base balance.

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (12) ◽  
pp. 2423-2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nikinmaa ◽  
S Airaksinen ◽  
L V Virkki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Base Balance

Haemoglobin function within lamprey erythrocytes offers a unique solution to gas transport among vertebrates. Lamprey haemoglobin within intact erythrocytes is in oligomer/monomer equilibrium and has an oxygen affinity similar to that of haemoglobin in other active fishes. The cooperativity of oxygen binding, which is reduced at low pH values, the effect of protons and the effect of the concentration of haemoglobin on its oxygen affinity are all due to dissociation/association reactions of the haemoglobin molecules. The permeability of the lamprey red cell membrane to acid and base equivalents is very low, and plasma bicarbonate cannot therefore be dehydrated to carbon dioxide to any significant extent during the residence time of blood in the gills. This potential limitation on carbon dioxide excretion is overcome, however, by the high intraerythrocytic pH and the marked oxygenation-linked pH changes in the erythrocyte, which are due to the large Haldane effect of the haemoglobin. Owing to the relative impermeability of the erythrocyte membrane to acid equivalents, intraerythrocytic haemoglobin cannot take part in the acid-base buffering of the extracellular compartment. As a consequence, extracellular acid loads cause marked fluctuations in plasma pH.

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