The Central Vestibular Complex in Dolphins and Humans: Functional Implications of Deiters’ Nucleus

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kern ◽  
K. Seidel ◽  
H.H.A. Oelschläger
Keyword(s):  
Functional Implications ◽  
Vestibular Complex

Permeability of Endometrial Blood Vessels to Exogenous Horse Radish Peroxidase in Mice. Electron Microscope Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
M.C. Castillo-Jessen ◽  
A. González-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Horse Radish Peroxidase ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins

Information regarding the normal morphology of uterine blood vessels at ultrastructural level in mammals is scarce Electron microscopy studies dealing with endometrial vasculature despite the functional implications due to hormone priming are not available. Light microscopy observations with combined injection of dyes and microradiography along with histochemical studies does not enable us to know the detailed fine structure of the possible various types of blood vessels in this tissue. The present work has been designed to characterize the blood vessels of endometrium of mice as well as the behavior of the endothelium to injection of low molecular weight proteins during the normal estrous cycle in this animal. One hundred and forty female albino mice were sacrificed after intravascular injection of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) at 30 seconds, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes.

Intraindividual Variability and Stability of Affect and Well-Being

GeroPsych ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Annette Brose
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Underlying Processes

Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.

Differences in the brain stem terminations of large- and small-diameter vestibular primary afferents

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1362-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Huwe ◽  
E. H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Axon Diameter ◽  
Vestibular Complex ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adjacent Brain

1. We visualized the central axons of 32 vestibular afferents from the posterior canal by extracellular application of horseradish peroxidase, reconstructed them in three dimensions, and quantified their morphology. Here we compare the descending limbs of central axons that differ in parent axon diameter. 2. The brain stem distribution of descending limb terminals (collaterals and associated varicosities) varies systematically with parent axon diameter. Large-diameter afferents concentrate their terminals in rostral regions of the medial/descending nuclei. As axon diameter decreases, there is a significant shift of terminal concentration toward the caudal vestibular complex and adjacent brain stem. 3. Rostral and caudal regions of the medial/descending nuclei have different labyrinthine, cerebellar, intrinsic, commissural, and spinal connections; they are believed to play different roles in head movement control. Our data help clarify the functions of large- and small-diameter afferents by showing that they contribute differentially to rostral and caudal vestibular complex.

scholarly journals A comprehensive annotation dataset of intact LTR retrotransposons of 300 plant genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Zhou ◽  
Xue-Mei Yan ◽  
Kai-Fu Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Genome Plasticity ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Classification Information

AbstractLTR retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are ubiquitous and represent the dominant repeat element in plant genomes, playing important roles in functional variation, genome plasticity and evolution. With the advent of new sequencing technologies, a growing number of whole-genome sequences have been made publicly available, making it possible to carry out systematic analyses of LTR-RTs. However, a comprehensive and unified annotation of LTR-RTs in plant groups is still lacking. Here, we constructed a plant intact LTR-RTs dataset, which is designed to classify and annotate intact LTR-RTs with a standardized procedure. The dataset currently comprises a total of 2,593,685 intact LTR-RTs from genomes of 300 plant species representing 93 families of 46 orders. The dataset is accompanied by sequence, diverse structural and functional annotation, age determination and classification information associated with the LTR-RTs. This dataset will contribute valuable resources for investigating the evolutionary dynamics and functional implications of LTR-RTs in plant genomes.

scholarly journals Functional implications of microRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia by integrating microRNA and messenger RNA expression profiling

Cancer ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (20) ◽  
pp. 4696-4706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violaine Havelange ◽  
Nicole Stauffer ◽  
Catherine C. E. Heaphy ◽  
Stefano Volinia ◽  
Michael Andreeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Rna Expression Profiling ◽  
Acute Myeloid

scholarly journals Glycosylation in Axonal Guidance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5143
Author(s):  
Sampada P. Mutalik ◽  
Stephanie L. Gupton
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Axonal Guidance ◽  
Axonal Outgrowth ◽  
Axonal Pathfinding ◽  
Guidance Cues ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Guidance Receptors ◽  
Surface Localization

How millions of axons navigate accurately toward synaptic targets during development is a long-standing question. Over decades, multiple studies have enriched our understanding of axonal pathfinding with discoveries of guidance molecules and morphogens, their receptors, and downstream signalling mechanisms. Interestingly, classification of attractive and repulsive cues can be fluid, as single guidance cues can act as both. Similarly, guidance cues can be secreted, chemotactic cues or anchored, adhesive cues. How a limited set of guidance cues generate the diversity of axonal guidance responses is not completely understood. Differential expression and surface localization of receptors, as well as crosstalk and spatiotemporal patterning of guidance cues, are extensively studied mechanisms that diversify axon guidance pathways. Posttranslational modification is a common, yet understudied mechanism of diversifying protein functions. Many proteins in axonal guidance pathways are glycoproteins and how glycosylation modulates their function to regulate axonal motility and guidance is an emerging field. In this review, we discuss major classes of glycosylation and their functions in axonal pathfinding. The glycosylation of guidance cues and guidance receptors and their functional implications in axonal outgrowth and pathfinding are discussed. New insights into current challenges and future perspectives of glycosylation pathways in neuronal development are discussed.

scholarly journals ‘Hierarchy’ in the organization of brain networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1796) ◽  
pp. 20190319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus C. Hilgetag ◽  
Alexandros Goulas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Networks ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Systems Neuroscience ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Cortical System ◽  
Visual Cortical

Concepts shape the interpretation of facts. One of the most popular concepts in systems neuroscience is that of ‘hierarchy’. However, this concept has been interpreted in many different ways, which are not well aligned. This observation suggests that the concept is ill defined. Using the example of the organization of the primate visual cortical system, we explore several contexts in which ‘hierarchy’ is currently used in the description of brain networks. We distinguish at least four different uses, specifically, ‘hierarchy’ as a topological sequence of projections, as a gradient of features, as a progression of scales, or as a sorting of laminar projection patterns. We discuss the interpretation and functional implications of the different notions of ‘hierarchy’ in these contexts and suggest that more specific terms than ‘hierarchy’ should be used for a deeper understanding of the different dimensions of the organization of brain networks. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations’.

scholarly journals Using protein turnover to expand the applications of transcriptomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa A. Smail ◽  
James K. Reigle ◽  
Robert E. McCullumsmith
Keyword(s):  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Extended Application ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractRNA expression and protein abundance are often at odds when measured in parallel, raising questions about the functional implications of transcriptomics data. Here, we present the concept of persistence, which attempts to address this challenge by combining protein half-life data with RNA expression into a single metric that approximates protein abundance. The longer a protein’s half-life, the more influence it can have on its surroundings. This data offers a valuable opportunity to gain deeper insight into the functional meaning of transcriptome changes. We demonstrate the application of persistence using schizophrenia (SCZ) datasets, where it greatly improved our ability to predict protein abundance from RNA expression. Furthermore, this approach successfully identified persistent genes and pathways known to have impactful changes in SCZ. These results suggest that persistence is a valuable metric for improving the functional insight offered by transcriptomics data, and extended application of this concept could advance numerous research fields.

scholarly journals Correction: Functional implications of hexameric assembly of RraA proteins from Vibrio vulnificus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0191775
Author(s):  
Saemee Song ◽  
Seokho Hong ◽  
Jinyang Jang ◽  
Ji-Hyun Yeom ◽  
Nohra Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Functional Implications
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