Conservation of a chromosome arm in two distantly related marsupial species

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammadi ◽  
M.L. Delbridge ◽  
P.D. Waters ◽  
J.A. Marshall Graves
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Marsupial Species

Interspecific variation of zona pellucida glycoconjugates in several species of marsupial

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Chapman ◽  
OW Wiebkin ◽  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Similar Intensity

The zona pellucida glycoconjugate content of several marsupial species was investigated using differential lectin histochemistry. Ovaries from fat-tailed dunnarts, a southern brown bandicoot, grey short-tailed opossums, brushtail possums, ringtail possums, koalas and eastern grey kangaroos were fixed, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned and stained with ten fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins. Sections were also incubated with either neuraminidase or saponified, respectively, before incubation with the lectins to identify saccharide residues masked by sialic acids or O-acetyl groups on sialic acids. The zonae pellucidae surrounding the oocytes of the marsupials demonstrated interspecific variation in glycoconjugate content, with mannose-containing glycoconjugates exhibiting the greatest variation. Some of the zona pellucida glycoconjugates of all species, except those of the opossums, were masked by sialic acid with an increase in fluorescence with lectins from Arachis hypogea (PNA), and Glycine max (SBA), after desialylation. The disaccharide beta-galactose(1-4)N-acetyl-D-glucosamine appeared to be conformationally masked by O-acetyl groups of sialic acids in the zonae pellucidae of all species, with an increase in fluorescence with the lectin from Erythrina cristagalli (ECA), after saponification. Similar intensity and localization of beta-(1-4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, as shown by staining of the lectin from Triticum vulgaris (WGA), to the inner and outer regions of the zona pellucida, were found to those reported in eutherian species. WGA fluorescence became uniform throughout the zonae pellucidae after saponification, indicating differential O-acetylation of sialic acids on the internal compartment of the zonae pellucidae.

Genetic Effects of 1BS Chromosome Arm on the Main Agronomic Traits in Chuanmai 42

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2167-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun LI ◽  
Hui-Ting WEI ◽  
Su-Jie YANG ◽  
Chao-Su LI ◽  
Yong-Lu TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Chromosome Arm

scholarly journals Effects of Interspecific Chromosome Substitution in Upland Cotton on Cottonseed Macronutrients

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Sukumar Saha ◽  
Jennifer L. Tonos ◽  
Jodi A. Scheffler ◽  
Johnie N. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Nutrients, including macronutrients such as Ca, P, K, and Mg, are essential for crop production and seed quality, and for human and animal nutrition and health. Macronutrient deficiencies in soil lead to poor crop nutritional qualities and a low level of macronutrients in cottonseed meal-based products, leading to malnutrition. Therefore, the discovery of novel germplasm with a high level of macronutrients or significant variability in the macronutrient content of crop seeds is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on cottonseed macronutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on the variability and content of the cottonseed macronutrients Ca, K, Mg, N, P, and S in chromosome substitution lines (CS). Nine chromosome substitution lines were grown in two-field experiments at two locations in 2013 in South Carolina, USA, and in 2014 in Mississippi, USA. The controls used were TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line, and the cultivar AM UA48. The results showed major variability in macronutrients among CS lines and between CS lines and controls. For example, in South Carolina, the mean values showed that five CS lines (CS-T02, CS-T04, CS-T08sh, CS-B02, and CS-B04) had higher Ca level in seed than controls. Ca levels in these CS lines varied from 1.88 to 2.63 g kg−1 compared with 1.81 and 1.72 g kg−1 for TM-1 and AMUA48, respectively, with CS-T04 having the highest Ca concentration. CS-M08sh exhibited the highest K concentration (14.50 g kg−1), an increase of 29% and 49% over TM-1 and AM UA48, respectively. Other CS lines had higher Mg, P, and S than the controls. A similar trend was found at the MS location. This research demonstrated that chromosome substitution resulted in higher seed macronutrients in some CS lines, and these CS lines with a higher content of macronutrients can be used as a genetic tool towards the identification of desired seed nutrition traits. Also, the CS lines with higher desired macronutrients can be used as parents to breed for improved nutritional quality in Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., through improvement by the interspecific introgression of desired seed nutrient traits such as Ca, K, P, S, and N. The positive and significant (p ≤ 0.0001) correlation of P with Ca, P with Mg, S with P, and S with N will aid in understanding the relationships between nutrients to improve the fertilizer management program and maintain higher cottonseed nutrient content.

scholarly journals Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Ichiro Hanamura
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Hematological Malignancy ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Plasma Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasm, is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by complex genetic and prognostic heterogeneity. Gain or amplification of chromosome arm 1q21 (1q21+) is the most frequent adverse chromosomal aberration in MM, occurring in 40% of patients at diagnosis. It occurs in a subclone of the tumor as a secondary genomic event and is more amplified as the tumor progresses and a risk factor for the progression from smoldering multiple myeloma to MM. It can be divided into either 1q21 gain (3 copies) or 1q21 amplification (≥4 copies), and it has been suggested that the prognosis is worse in cases of amplification than gain. Trisomy of chromosome 1, jumping whole-arm translocations of chromosome1q, and tandem duplications lead to 1q21+ suggesting that its occurrence is not consistent at the genomic level. Many studies have reported that genes associated with the malignant phenotype of MM are situated on the 1q21 amplicon, including CKS1B, PSMD4, MCL1, ANP32E, and others. In this paper, we review the current knowledge regarding the clinical features, prognostic implications, and the speculated pathology of 1q21+ in MM, which can provide clues for an effective treatment approach to MM patients with 1q21+.

Population and Conservation Genetics of Marsupials

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
WB Sherwin ◽  
ND Murray
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Effective Size ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Census Size ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Small Effective Size ◽  
Census Number

This article summarises current knowledge of marsupial population genetics, and discusses its relevance to the conservation of marsupial species. It has been suggested that there is much lower genetic variation within marsupial populations than in eutherian mammals. This trend is not evident in the electrophoretic data summarised here. However, genetic differentiation between populations, subspecies, and species of marsupials appears to be slightly lower than comparable values for eutherians. Genetic estimates of migration between populations are scarce at present, but show values that are comparable with eutherians. Some studies of marsupial population genetics have used non-electrophoretic characteristics, or have addressed the possibility of selection on the characters analysed. Although few, these studies indicate the suitability of marsupials for such investigations. Recent debate over the theories and applications of conservation genetics has made it clear that more research is required on individual species. Given the record of extinction of marsupials in the last 200 years, it is important to test the applicability of these theories to individual marsupial species. Several examples are discussed emphasising the need for ecological studies that estimate the effective number of reproducing individuals per generation. This figure, called the effective size, is the corner- stone of conservation genetics theory, being an important determinant of both the rate of loss of variation between individuals, and the rate of inbreeding. The effective size of the mainland population of the eastern barred bandicoot, Perameles gunnii, appears to be only about one-tenth of its census number. This result is comparable with estimates made in other vertebrates, and demonstrates that many marsupial species which appear to have an adequate census size on ecological grounds may face genetic problems resulting from small effective size.

Transfer to wheat of the copper efficiency factor carried on rye chromosome arm 5RL

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin D. Graham ◽  
Julie S. Ascher ◽  
P. A. E. Ellis ◽  
K. W. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Chromosome Arm

46,XX sex reversal with partial duplication of chromosome arm 22q

2004 ◽  
Vol 127A (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tossaporn Seeherunvong ◽  
Erasmo M. Perera ◽  
Yong Bao ◽  
Paul J. Benke ◽  
Adelaida Benigno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Partial Duplication ◽  
Chromosome Arm

A recurrent gain of chromosome arm 3q in primary squamous carcinoma of the vagina

2004 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens K. Habermann ◽  
Kristina Hellman ◽  
Sandra Freitag ◽  
Kerstin Heselmeyer-Haddad ◽  
Ann-Cathrin Hellström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Chromosome Arm
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