Repigmentation by Outer-Root-Sheath-Derived Melanocytes: Proof of Concept in Vitiligo and Leucoderma

Dermatology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 218 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Vanscheidt ◽  
Thomas Hunziker
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath

A Selectable Biomarker in Hair Follicle Cycles – Cathepsins: A Preliminary Study in Murine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jingzhu Bai ◽  
Zijian Gong ◽  
Qingfang Xu ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Qiaoping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Inner Root Sheath ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Paraffin Method

<b><i>Background/Objective:</i></b> Hair cycle is regulated by many biological factors. Cathepsins are involved in various physiological processes in human skin. Here, we investigated the cathepsin expression and distribution changes in follicular growth cycles for better understanding the hair cycles and to explore new intervention measures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The 24 mice (C57BL/6, female, 7-week old) were selected and removed the back hair via rosin/paraffin method. At Day 8, Day 20, and Day 25, biopsy on post-plucking area was done. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and Q-PCR were used to test the cathepsin B/D/L/E. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In anagen, cathepsins (B, D, L, and E) were distributed in the hair follicle matrix, inner hair root sheath, and hair. In catagen, cathepsins were mainly observed in un-apoptosis inner root sheath and outer root sheath. Expression of cathepsins B-mRNA and L-mRNA was decreased from anagen and catagen to telogen. Cathepsin D-mRNA was increased in catagen and then decreased in telogen. Cathepsin E-mRNA was decreased in catagen and slightly increased in telogen. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The distribution and expression of cathepsins B, D, L, and E in hair follicle changed with hair growth process which indicated that cathepsins might act as selectable biomarkers of hair cycle in different stages.

The nutritional biochemistry of wool and hair follicles

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Hynd
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Fibre Growth

AbstractThe rôle of various classes of nutrients (energy substrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids) in the production of wool and hair from follicles, is considered for a variety of animal species. The wool and hair follicle have evolved a number of interesting features of carbohydrate metabolism including glutaminolysis, aerobic glycolysis, significant activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, and storage and mobilisation of glycogen. Presumably the necessity to continue to produce fibre despite fluctuations in the supply of oxygen and nutrients has resulted in some of these unique features, while others reflect the high level of DNA and protein synthesis occurring in the follicle. While it is considered that energy does not normally limit fibre growth, the relative contributions of aerobic and anerobic metabolism will greatly influence the amount of ATP available for follicle activity, such that energy availability may at times alter fibre growth. Alopecia and deficient fibre growth are consistent outcomes of deficiencies of biotin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate and pantothenic acid, but the precise rôles of these vitamins in follicle function await elucidation. Folate, in particular appears to play an important rôle in wool production, presumably reflecting its involvement in methionine metabolism. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) significantly alters fibre growth in cultured follicles; vitamin D receptors are located in the outer root sheath, bulb, and dermal papilla of the follicle; and alopecia occurs in humans with defects in the vitamin D receptor. Retinol (vitamin A), too, appears to influence follicle function by altering keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, with direct effects on the expression of keratin genes. The receptors for the retinoids are present in the keratogenous zone, the outer root sheath, the bulb, and the sebaceous glands. Vitamin A may also act indirectly on follicle function by influencing the activity of the insulin-like and epidermal growth factors and by altering vitamin D activity. At present there is little evidence implicating alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) or phytylmenaquinone (vitamin K) in follicular events. Of the minerals, only copper and zinc have been shown to have direct effects on follicle function, independent of effects on food intake. Copper has direct effects on the activity of an unidentified enzyme on oxidation of thiol groups to form disulphide linkages. Wool produced by copper-deficient sheep lacks crimp, is weak and lustrous. Copper is also necessary for the activity of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related proteins involved in melanin synthesis. Zinc, like copper, is required for the normal keratinization of fibres but again, the precise rôle has yet to be elucidated. While the importance of amino acid supply for wool growth has long been established, there are still some unaswered questions such as; what are the effects of amino acids on fibre growth in animals other than sheep; what are the characteristics of the amino acid transport genes and proteins operating in the wool and hair follicle; and what are the specific rôles for amino acids in follicle function.

scholarly journals A Rare Cutaneous Adnexal Tumor: Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Alici ◽  
Musa Kemal Keles ◽  
Alper Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Adnexal Tumor ◽  
Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor ◽  
Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor

Proliferating trichilemmal tumors (PTTs) are neoplasms derived from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. These tumors, which commonly affect the scalp of elderly women, rarely demonstrate malignant transformation. Although invasion of the tumors into neighboring tissues and being accompanied with anaplasia and necrosis are accepted as findings of malignancy, histological features may not always be sufficient to identify these tumors. The clinical behavior of the tumor may be incompatible with its histological characteristics. Squamous-cell carcinoma should certainly be considered in differential diagnosis because of its similarity in morphological appearance with PTT. Immunostaining for CD34, P53, and Ki-67 is a useful adjuvant diagnostic method that can be used in differential diagnosis aside from morphological findings. In this study, we aimed to present the case of a 52-year-old female patient with clinicopathological features. We reported a low-grade malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor in this patient and detected no relapse or metastasis in a 24-month period of follow-up.

scholarly journals Requirement of zinc transporter ZIP10 for epidermal development: Implication of the ZIP10–p63 axis in epithelial homeostasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (46) ◽  
pp. 12243-12248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bum-Ho Bin ◽  
Jinhyuk Bhin ◽  
Mikiro Takaishi ◽  
Koh-ei Toyoshima ◽  
Saeko Kawamata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Zinc Transporter ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Epithelial Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation ◽  
Epidermal Development

Skin tissues, in particular the epidermis, are severely affected by zinc deficiency. However, the zinc-mediated mechanisms that maintain the cells that form the epidermis have not been established. Here, we report that the zinc transporter ZIP10 is highly expressed in the outer root sheath of hair follicles and plays critical roles in epidermal development. We found that ZIP10 marked epidermal progenitor cell subsets and that ablating Zip10 caused significant epidermal hypoplasia accompanied by down-regulation of the transactivation of p63, a master regulator of epidermal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Both ZIP10 and p63 are significantly increased during epidermal development, in which ZIP10-mediated zinc influx promotes p63 transactivation. Collectively, these results indicate that ZIP10 plays important roles in epidermal development via, at least in part, the ZIP10–zinc–p63 signaling axis, thereby highlighting the physiological significance of zinc regulation in the maintenance of skin epidermis.

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