Serial Structural MRI Analysis and Proton and 31PMR Spectroscopy in the Investigation of Cerebral Fatty Acids in Major Depressive Disorder, Huntington’s Disease, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and in Forensic Schizophrenic Patients

2008 ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant K. Puri ◽  
Sofia Tsaluchidu ◽  
Ian H. Treasaden
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Pmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

A joint study of whole exome sequencing and structural MRI analysis in major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamin Zhang ◽  
Mingli Li ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Jacob Shujui Hsu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Burden Test

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies of MDD have focused on common variants and have been constrained by the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms.MethodsWe sequenced the exome of 77 cases and 245 controls of Han Chinese ancestry and scanned their brain. Burden tests of rare variants were performed first to explore the association between genes/pathways and MDD. Secondly, parallel Independent Component Analysis was conducted to investigate genetic underpinnings of gray matter volume (GMV) changes of MDD.ResultsTwo genes (CSMD1, p = 5.32×10−6; CNTNAP5, p = 1.32×10−6) and one pathway (Neuroactive Ligand Receptor Interactive, p = 1.29×10−5) achieved significance in burden test. In addition, we identified one pair of imaging-genetic components of significant correlation (r = 0.38, p = 9.92×10−6). The imaging component reflected decreased GMV in cases and correlated with intelligence quotient (IQ). IQ mediated the effects of GMV on MDD. The genetic component enriched in two gene sets, namely Singling by G-protein coupled receptors [false discovery rate (FDR) q = 3.23×10−4) and Alzheimer Disease Up (FDR q = 6.12×10−4).ConclusionsBoth rare variants analysis and imaging–genetic analysis found evidence corresponding with the neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity hypotheses of MDD. The mediation of IQ indicates that genetic component may act on MDD through GMV alteration and cognitive impairment.

Fatty acid composition of the postmortem corpus callosum of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamazaki ◽  
M. Maekawa ◽  
T. Toyota ◽  
B. Dean ◽  
T. Hamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Major Depressive

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating the relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and psychiatric disorders have thus far focused mainly on analyzing gray matter, rather than white matter, in the postmortem brain. In this study, we investigated whether PUFA levels showed abnormalities in the corpus callosum, the largest area of white matter, in the postmortem brain tissue of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder.MethodsFatty acids in the phospholipids of the postmortem corpus callosum were evaluated by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Specimens were evaluated for patients with schizophrenia (n = 15), bipolar disorder (n = 15), or major depressive disorder (n = 15) and compared with unaffected controls (n = 15).ResultsIn contrast to some previous studies, no significant differences were found in the levels of PUFAs or other fatty acids in the corpus callosum between patients and controls. A subanalysis by sex gave the same results. No significant differences were found in any PUFAs between suicide completers and non-suicide cases regardless of psychiatric disorder diagnosis.ConclusionsPatients with psychiatric disorders did not exhibit n-3 PUFAs deficits in the postmortem corpus callosum relative to the unaffected controls, and the corpus callosum might not be involved in abnormalities of PUFA metabolism. This area of research is still at an early stage and requires further investigation.

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