Intracellular Routes of a Lysosome Marker Enzyme, Acid Phosphatase, in Proximal Convoluted Tubule Cells of Human Kidney in Glomerulonephritisas Studied by Electron Cytochemistry

Nephron ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Ryabov ◽  
V.Y. Plotkin ◽  
A.J. Nevorotin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Proximal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Electron Cytochemistry ◽  
Tubule Cells

Formation of chlamydospores in Gilbertella persicaria

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 908-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Powell ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
David J. Sternshein
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Gilbertella Persicaria

The cytological events involved in the transformation of vegetative hyphae of the zygomycete Gilbertella persicaria (Eddy) Hesseltine into chlamydospores were studied with light and electron microscopy. Thirty hours after sporangiospores were inoculated into YPG broth, swellings appeared along the aseptate hyphae. Later, septa, traversed by plasmodesmata, delimited each end of the hyphal swellings and compartmentalized these hyphal regions as they differentiated into chlamydospores. Nonswollen regions adjacent to chlamydospores remained as isthmuses. Two additional wall layers appeared within the vegetative wall of the developing chlamydospores. An alveolate, electron-dense wall formed first, and then an electron-transparent layer containing concentrically oriented fibers formed between this layer and the plasma membrane. Rather than a mere condensation of cytoplasm, development and maturation of the multinucleate chlamydospores involved extensive cytoplasmic changes such as an increase in reserve products, lipid and glycogen, an increase and then disappearance of vacuoles, and the breakdown of many mitochondria. Underlying the plasma membrane during chlamydospore wall formation were endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, vesicles with fibrillar contents, vesicles with electron-transparent contents, and cisternal rings containing the Golgi apparatus marker enzyme, thiamine pyrophosphatase. Acid phosphatase activity was localized cytochemically in a cisterna which enclosed mitochondria and in vacuoles which contained membrane fragments. Tightly packed membrane whorls and single membrane bounded sacs with finely granular matrices surrounding vacuoles were unique during chlamydospore development. Microbodies were rare in the mature chlamydospore, but endoplasmic reticulum was closely associated with lipid globules. As chlamydospores developed, the cytoplasm in the isthmus became highly vacuolated, lipid globules were closely associated with vacuoles, mitochondria were broken down in vacuoles, unusual membrane configurations appeared, and eventually the membranes degenerated. Unlike chlamydospores, walls of the isthmus did not thicken, but irregularly shaped appositions containing numerous channels formed at intervals on the inside of these walls. The pattern of cytoplasmic transformations during chlamydospore development is similar to events leading to the formation of zygospores and sporangiospores.

scholarly journals Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2: differential expression and secretion in human kidney tubule cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. F284-F296 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Emlet ◽  
Nuria Pastor-Soler ◽  
Allison Marciszyn ◽  
Xiaoyan Wen ◽  
Hernando Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Tubule Cell ◽  
Tubule Cells

We have characterized the expression and secretion of the acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in human kidney epithelial cells in primary cell culture and tissue. We established cell culture model systems of primary kidney cells of proximal and distal tubule origin and observed that both proteins are indeed expressed and secreted in both tubule cell types in vitro. However, TIMP-2 is both expressed and secreted preferentially by cells of distal tubule origin, while IGFBP7 is equally expressed across tubule cell types yet preferentially secreted by cells of proximal tubule origin. In human kidney tissue, strong staining of IGFBP7 was seen in the luminal brush-border region of a subset of proximal tubule cells, and TIMP-2 stained intracellularly in distal tubules. Additionally, while some tubular colocalization of both biomarkers was identified with the injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, both biomarkers could also be seen alone, suggesting the possibility for differential mechanistic and/or temporal profiles of regulation of these early AKI biomarkers from known markers of injury. Last, an in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion demonstrated enhancement of secretion of both markers early after reperfusion. This work provides a rationale for further investigation of these markers for their potential role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury.

scholarly journals Altered reabsorption of protein by the renal cortex in rats treated with hypertonic saline or mannitol.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 707-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Straus
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Tubule Cells

The reabsorption of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by the proximal tubule cells of rat kidneys was investigated by measuring the concentration of HRP in total particulate fractions of the cortex 1/4 and 1 hr after intravenous injection, and by correlated cytochemical observations. When compared to the corresponding values of the control animals, the concentration of HRP 1 hr after injection was decreased approximately 10-fold in the renal cortex of rats which had received an intravenous injection of hypertonic saline or two subcutaneous injections of mannitol. The plasma clearance and the urinary excretion of HRP were not altered significantly after injection of hypertonic saline, but the plasma clearance was decreased and the urinary excretion increased after injection of mannitol. When the dose of injected HRP was varied, the reabsorption of HRP by the renal cortex was proportional to the dose in the experimental and the control animals. Cytochemical staining for peroxidase activity also showed that the phagosomes and phagolysosomes of the proximal tubule cells contained much less peroxidase in the experimental rats than in the control rats. After injection of mannitol, large vacuoles appeared in the proximal tubule cells. The vacuoles often contained peroxidase-positive granules (phagosomes) which varied in diameter from the limit of microscopic visibility up to several microns. Most of the vacuoles did not react for acid phosphatase activity, but lysosomes were often aggregated around the vacuoles and seemed to release acid phosphatase into the cytoplasm. Certain analogies between the reabsorption of protein and that of water by the proximal tubule cells are discussed.

The fine structure and selected histochemistry of ungerminated basidiospores of Agrocybe acericola

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Ruch ◽  
Kiki Nurtjahja
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

The basidiospore wall of Agrocybe acericola is composed of two distinct layers that are continuous around the spores. At the germ pore, the outer wall is very thin and the inner wall becomes thicker. The plasma membrane is appressed to the inner wall and lacks distinct invaginations. The protoplasm is densely packed with ribosomes. Spores contain very little lipid distributed at each end. Mitochondria are well defined and distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Spores are binucleate, with the two nuclei lying on a line nearly perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. Various sizes of single membrane-bound vacuoles are widely distributed in the cytoplasm. These vacuoles were shown to contain acid phosphatase, indicating lysosomal activity. Microbody-like organelles are observed, which are probably glyoxysomes, since assays of malate synthase, a marker enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, are positive. Keywords: Agrocybe, spore wall ultrastructure, basidiospore ultrastructure, glyoxylate cycle, malate synthase, acid phosphatase.

Studies of Human Kidney and Urine Acid Phosphatase

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Kramer ◽  
J.E. Wight ◽  
W.L. Paul ◽  
H.C. Gonick
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Human Kidney

Studies of Human Kidney and Urine Acid Phosphatase

Enzyme ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Kramer ◽  
H.C. Gonick
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Human Kidney

Development and evaluation of a new solid-phase direct immunoenzyme assay for prostatic acid phosphatase.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gericke ◽  
K P Kohse ◽  
G Pfleiderer ◽  
S H Flüchter ◽  
K H Bichler
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Prostatic Cancer ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Polystyrene Tube ◽  
Prostatic Diseases ◽  
Independent Distribution

Abstract In this assay we used polystyrene-tube-attached rabbit antibodies against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) that had been purified to homogeneity from human prostate. The amount of immunoreactive acid phosphatase was determined directly by its enzymic activity in the solid-phase-bound immune complex. The detection limit was 0.05 U/L (0.13 microgram/L), the CVs between 4.3 and 10.8%. Investigating the organ specificity of PAP, we found that some cross-reacting acid phosphatase activity could be so measured in human kidney, leukocytes, and platelets, all of which probably contribute to the circulating "prostatic" acid phosphatase that normally is present in serum. Diurnal and day-to-day variations in serum PAP activity were as much as 100% in healthy subjects. Individuals without prostatic diseases (n = 92) had values for serum PAP activity up to 0.36 U/L (0.94 microgram/L), in an age-independent distribution; patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 62) showed values up to 0.48 U/L (1.25 micrograms/L). With PAP activity of 0.38 U/L or 1.0 microgram/L (90th percentile of the prostatic group) as the upper limit of "normality," overall sensitivity (stages A-D) for detection of prostatic cancer in 33 essentially untreated patients was 65%. Examples for the followup of therapy of prostatic cancer by measurement of serum PAP with this assay are described.

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