The Investigation of the Relationship between Whole Blood Potassium Concentration and Hematocrit in Uremic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

1. Pairs of blood samples were taken from individual Periplaneta americana, the first sample being used for a live-blood haemocyte count and the second (collected 10 sec. later) for potassium and sodium determinations. 2. Analysis of these matched data on cell count and whole-blood ion concentration reveals a positive correlation between the haemocyte density and the potassium concentration, the mean regression coefficient being +0·83 mM K+/l. of blood for 10,000 cells/µl. 3. Similar analysis of the sodium data gives a negative correlation, with a mean regression coefficient of -1·69 mM N+/l. for 10,000 cells/µl. 4. Haematocrit estimations on heat-fixed blood, whose haemocyte density was simultaneously determined, indicate a mean haemocyte volume of 720 µ3. 5. If the correlations relate entirely to the contents of the haemocytes, comparison with the haemocyte volume would indicate that the cell sap contains 115 mM/l. of potassium and probably less than about 60 mM/l. of sodium; these levels are very similar to those reported for other tissues of the cockroach. 6. Since cockroach blood contains relatively little potassium these figures suggest that a significant proportion of the whole-blood potassium may be contained within the haemocytes and so not be immediately available physiologically.

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On-line continuous potentiometric measurement of potassium concentration in whole blood during open-heart surgery.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/25.1.39 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

H F Osswald ◽

R Asper ◽

W Dimai ◽

W Simon

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Open Heart Surgery ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Open Heart ◽

Flame Photometer ◽

Blood Potassium ◽

On Line ◽

Flow Through

Abstract We describe a flow-through system with an ion-selective electrode for measurement of blood potassium ion concentration, continuously and on-line off the extracorporeal blood circulation in an operating theater during human open-heart surgery. Comparison measurements were made with the SMA flame photometer (blood plasma) and an Orion SS 30 sodium/potassium analyzer (whole blood). The potassium concentration values obtained with the flow-through system agree well with the ones determined with the flame photometer. The time delay of the measurement with the flow-through system was relatively long (2 min) but delays of only 10--20 s seem feasible. Short time delays can deepen insight and simplify rational treatment under surgery conditions.

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Genetic control of blood potassium concentration in Welsh Mountain sheep

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600015094 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 81-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. G. H. Khattab ◽

J. H. Watson ◽

R. F. E. Axford

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Satisfactory Method ◽

Blood Potassium ◽

The Difference

The distribution of whole blood potassium concentration in 1783 Welsh Mountain sheep shows marked bimodality, varying about two modes, of 44 and 14 m-equiv./l.The difference between high (HK) and low (LK) potassium types was not clear-cut. About 5 % of animals lay in the area where the tails of the two distributions merge.Haematocrit values and plasma potassium concentrations were used to estimate erythrocyte potassium levels. They confirmed that the bimodality is due to variation within erythrocytes but did not offer a satisfactory method of allocating intermediate animals.

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Monitoring Anticoagulant Therapy by Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Hirudin Assessment

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648943 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (05) ◽

pp. 685-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Michael T Nurmohamed ◽

René J Berckmans ◽

Willy M Morriën-Salomons ◽

Fenny Berends ◽

Daan W Hommes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Heparin Therapy ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Recombinant Hirudin ◽

Interindividual Differences ◽

The Relationship

SummaryBackground. Recombinant hirudin (RH) is a new anticoagulant for prophylaxis and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. To which extent the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is suitable for monitoring of RH has not been properly evaluated. Recently, a capillary whole blood device was developed for bed-side monitoring of the APTT and it was demonstrated that this device was suitable to monitor heparin therapy. However, monitoring of RH was not evaluated.Study Objectives. To evaluate in vitro and ex vivo the responsiveness and reproducibility for hirudin monitoring of the whole blood monitor and of plasma APTT assays, which were performed with several reagents and two conventional coagulometers.Results. Large interindividual differences in hirudin responsiveness were noted in both the in vitro and the ex vivo experiments. The relationship between the APTT, expressed as clotting time or ratio of initial and prolonged APTT, and the hirudin concentration was nonlinear. A 1.5-fold increase of the clotting times was obtained at 150-200 ng/ml plasma. However, only a 2-fold increase was obtained at hirudin levels varying from 300 ng to more than 750 ng RH/ml plasma regardless of the assays. The relationship linearized upon logarithmic conversion of the ratio and the hirudin concentration. Disregarding the interindividual differences, and presuming full linearity of the relationship, all combinations were equally responsive to hirudin.Conclusions. All assays were equally responsive to hirudin. Levels up to 300 ng/ml plasma can be reliably estimated with each assay. The manual device may be preferable in situations where rapid availability of test results is necessary.

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Association between Blood Potassium Level and Recovery of Postoperative Gastrointestinal Motility during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Patient Undergoing Open Abdominal Surgery

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/6392751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yi Yang ◽

Jingjuan Yang ◽

Xiner Yao ◽

Yu Cui ◽

Xiabing Lang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Surgery ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Potassium Level ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Open Abdominal Surgery ◽

Blood Potassium

Background. The aim of this study was to identify the blood potassium level beneficial to the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patient undergoing open abdominal surgery. Materials and Methods. 538 critically ill patients after open abdominal surgery and receiving CRRT were retrospectively recruited as the study cohort. Demographic and clinical data were recorded along with an evaluation of the postoperative gastrointestinal motility. Results. Correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation coefficient, and then the variables with correlation coefficient value less than 0.5 were included in the binary logistic regression model. Binary logistic regression model indicated that the postoperative blood potassium level was independently associated with the recovery of gastrointestinal motility (OR=0.109, 95% CI= 0.063 to 0.190, p<0.001). Based on the normal range of blood potassium level, we selected the cut-off point of blood potassium level via Weight of Evidence analysis, which was 4.00 mmol/L. Compared with the patients with insufficient blood potassium levels (plasma potassium concentration < 4.00 mmol/L), those with sufficient blood potassium levels (plasma potassium concentration≥ 4.00 mmol/L) conferred an increase in the rate of 4-day postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility (OR= 4.425, 95% CI = 2.933 to 6.667, p<0.001). Conclusions. Maintaining the blood potassium concentrations at a relatively high level of the normal blood potassium range during CRRT would be beneficial to postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility.

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Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328302000211 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P Bijster ◽

H L Vader ◽

C L J Vink

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Reference Electrode ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

General Phenomenon ◽

Liquid Junction ◽

Direct Potentiometry ◽

The Difference ◽

Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

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The relationship between chemical elements in soil and whole blood, and fluorosis induced by coal-fired pollution

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10661-013-3519-2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 186 (4) ◽

pp. 2081-2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hao Wang ◽

Lihong Mu ◽

Miao Jiang ◽

Yingxiong Wang ◽

Wei Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

The Relationship

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Effects of sodium intake on steady-state potassium excretion

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1984.246.6.f772 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 246 (6) ◽

pp. F772-F778 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. B. Young ◽

T. E. Jackson ◽

U. Tipayamontri ◽

R. C. Scott

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Potassium Excretion ◽

Distal Nephron ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Potassium Intake ◽

Independent Variable ◽

The Relationship

The effects of changes in sodium intake on the steady-state relationship between plasma potassium concentration and potassium excretion were studied in 15 chronically adrenalectomized dogs. Throughout the experiments the dogs received aldosterone at a rate of 50 micrograms/day and methylprednisolone at 1 mg/day. The relationship between plasma potassium and steady-state potassium excretion was obtained by changing potassium intake from 10 to 30 to 100 meq/day, each level being maintained for 7-10 days. At the conclusion of each period at a given level of potassium intake, plasma potassium and excretion were measured and plotted, plasma potassium being the independent variable. Such a relationship was obtained while the dogs were on three different levels of sodium intake: 10, 100, and 200 meq/day. The curves from the data obtained at 100 and 200 meq/day sodium intake both were shifted to the left of the curve obtained at 10 meq/day (P less than 0.05), although the 100 and 200 meq/day curves were not different from each other. On the basis of these data one could predict that, at a plasma potassium concentration of 4.0 meq/liter, the animals would excrete potassium at a rate of 17 meq/day on a 10 meq/day sodium intake, 37 meq/day on a 100 meq/day sodium intake, and 47 meq/day on a 200 meq/day sodium intake. Urine flow and electrolyte concentration data are consistent with the hypothesis that the sodium intake effect on potassium excretion was mediated through increases in distal nephron flow rate and decreases in distal nephron potassium concentration.

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Pseudohyperkalemia in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.4061/2011/759749 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stephen I. Rifkin

Keyword(s):

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Blood Potassium

Pseudohyperkalemia occurs occasionally in patients with extreme leukocytosis. Increased white blood cell fragility coupled with mechanical stress is felt to be causal. Serum and plasma potassium levels have been both associated with pseudohyperkalemia. Whole blood potassium determination will usually verify the correct diagnosis. It is important to diagnose this condition early so that patients are not inappropriately treated. Two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and extreme leukocytosis are presented, one with pseudohyperkalemia and one with probable pseudohyperkalemia, and diagnostic considerations are discussed

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Longitudinal Observations of the Relationship Between Free Erythrocyte Porphyrins and Whole Blood Lead

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.57.1.54 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 54-59

Author(s):

J. Routt Reigart ◽

Norris H. Whitlock

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

First Contact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Clinical Category

Short- and long-term comparison of the variations with time of whole blood lead and free erythrocyte porphyrins (FEP) suggests that changes in FEP are slow and predictable whereas blood lead changes are quite unpredictable. However, when FEP suggests a different clinical category from blood lead, the blood lead is likely to change in the direction predicted by the FEP. Comparison of FEP to blood lead at first contact in 349 children with mild elevation of blood lead reliably predicted which children would still have elevated blood lead six weeks later and which would fall or be normal. The observation of long-term follow-up in four groups of children with various combinations of FEP and blood lead indicated that the follow-up blood lead could be predicted to change in the direction indicated by the FEP measurement. The implications for screening for lead poisoning are discussed.

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