Effect of Drug Therapy of Hemorrhagic Hypotension on Kinetics of Peritoneal Dialysis in the Dog

Nephron ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Greene, Jr. ◽  
L. Lapco ◽  
J.M. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Hemorrhagic Hypotension ◽  
Kinetics Of

The Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Calcitriol Administered Subcutaneously in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Selgas ◽  
Maria-E. Martinez ◽  
Blanca Miranda ◽  
Maria-Auxiliadara Baja ◽  
Jase-Raman Ramera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Kinetics Of

Objectives To evaluate the kinetics of calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) administered subcutaneously. Study Design Calcitriol kinetics and efficacy after subcutaneous administration were studied in 13 CAPD patients with varying degrees of increased plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (i-PTH). A single dose of 2 μg of calcitriol was administered subcutaneously, and its serum levels at baseline and after 1,2,6,12, and 24 hours were determined. Plasma ionized calcium and i-PTH were also determined at these periods. Results Serum calcitriol levels reached peak levels of 60 and 70 pg/mL at 1 and 2 hours after administration, respectively. These levels decreased thereafter, but remained above baseline values during 24 hours. The mean value of the area under the curve (AUC) was 809±226 pg/mL/hour. Plasma i-PTH levels showed a slight decrease after 1 and 2 hours, returning to baselime levels after this period. Plasma ionized calcium did not show significant changes during the study. A slight pain at the site of injection was mentioned by some patients. Conclusions The subcutaneous route for calcitriol administration achieves theoretically adequate plasma levels in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. This is important when paremteral administration of calcitriol is considered in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

scholarly journals Disposition kinetics of cefamandole during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bliss ◽  
M Mayersohn ◽  
T Arnold ◽  
J Logan ◽  
U F Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Disposition Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Substituting Citrate for Lactate in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid Improves Ultrafiltration in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Cavallini ◽  
Anders Wieslander ◽  
Magnus Braide
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Citrate Concentration ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background Exposure to peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid induces an inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity. Blockers of complement and coagulation have improved ultrafiltration in animal models of PD. Citrate is a clinically established anticoagulant that also blocks complement activation. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects on ultrafiltration of a gradual substitution of citrate for lactate in an experimental model of PD. Methods Fractions (0, 5, 10, and 15 mmol/L) of the 40 mmol/L lactate buffer of filter-sterilized 2.5% glucose PD fluid were replaced by citrate. The modified fluids were compared in a rat model of single PD fluid exposure through an indwelling catheter. The initial kinetics of citrate and ionized calcium were evaluated in separate, single, short time dwell experiments. Results Replacing 10 and 15 mmol/L of the lactate buffer by sodium citrate significantly increased osmotic ultrafiltration (by 24.7% ± 7.7% at 10 mmol/L), net ultrafiltration, and glucose retention at 4 hours of dwell time in the rat model. Osmotic ultrafiltration was significantly correlated to citrate concentration and glucose concentration. Citrate was rapidly eliminated from the peritoneal cavity, concentrations falling to less than half in 1 hour and concentrations of calcium ions concomitantly normalized. Conclusions Substituting citrate for lactate induced a dose-dependent increase in ultrafiltration. Mechanisms probably involve the relation between diffusion and ultrafiltration, leading to increased glucose retention. The increase in ultrafiltration was quantitatively important at a citrate concentration (10 mmol/L) that is compatible with clinical applications of citrate.

KINETICS OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

Medicine ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. BOEN
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Animal Models of Peritoneal Dialysis: Thirty Years of Our Own Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pawlaczyk ◽  
Ewa Baum ◽  
Krzysztof Schwermer ◽  
Krzysztof Hoppe ◽  
Bengt Lindholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Measure Concentration ◽  
Peritoneal Permeability ◽  
Kinetics Of

Experimental animal models improve our understanding of technical problems in peritoneal dialysis PD, and such studies contribute to solving crucial clinical problems. We established an acute and chronic PD model in nonuremic and uremic rats. We observed that kinetics of PD in rats change as the animals are aging, and this effect is due not only to an increasing peritoneal surface area, but also to changes in the permeability of the peritoneum. Changes of the peritoneal permeability seen during chronic PD in rats are comparable to results obtained in humans treated with PD. Effluent dialysate can be drained repeatedly to measure concentration of various bioactive molecules and to correlate the results with the peritoneal permeability. Additionally we can study inin vitroconditions properties of the effluent dialysate on cultured peritoneal mesothelial cells or fibroblasts. We can evaluate acute and chronic effect of various additives to the dialysis fluid on function and permeability of the peritoneum. Results from such study are even more relevant to the clinical scenario when experiments are performed in uremic rats. Our experimental animal PD model not only helps to understand the pathophysiology of PD but also can be used for testing biocompatibility of new PD fluids.

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