Influence of Environmental Oxygen Concentration on Growth and Vascular Density of the Area vasculosa in Chick Embryos

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Höper ◽  
H. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Area Vasculosa

Effect of amifostine (Ethyol®) on vascular density of the area vasculosa of chick embryo

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S50
Author(s):  
A. Hanjalic ◽  
J. Höper ◽  
L. Plasswilm ◽  
R. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Area Vasculosa

Microvascular transport model predicts oxygenation changes in the infarcted heart after treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. H3732-H3739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Christopher B. Pattillo ◽  
Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian ◽  
Shankar Sundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Infarcted Tissue

Chronic heart failure is most commonly due to ischemic cardiomyopathy after a previous myocardial infarction (MI). Rebuilding lost myocardium to prevent heart failure mandates a neovasculature able to nourish new cardiomyocytes. Previously we have used a series of novel techniques to directly measure the ability of the scar neovasculature to deliver and exchange oxygen at 1–4 wk after MI in rats following left coronary artery ligation. In this study, we have developed a morphologically realistic mathematical model of oxygen transport in cardiac tissue to help in deciding what angiogenic strategies should be used to rebuild the vasculature. The model utilizes microvascular morphology of cardiac tissue based on available morphometric images and is used to simulate experimentally measured oxygen levels after MI. Model simulations of relative oxygenation match experimental measurements closely and can be used to simulate distributions of oxygen concentration in normal and infarcted rat hearts. Our findings indicate that both vascular density and vascular spatial distribution play important roles in cardiac tissue oxygenation after MI. Furthermore, the model can simulate relative changes in tissue oxygen levels in infarcted tissue treated with proangiogenic compounds such as losartan. From the minimum oxygen concentration myocytes need to maintain their normal function, we estimate that 2 wk after MI 29% of the myocardium is severely hypoxic and that the vascular density of the infarcted tissue should reach 75% of normal tissue to ensure that no areas of the myocardium are critically hypoxic.

scholarly journals Inhibition by α-methyl-norvaline of the uptake of valine and leucine into haemoglobin of the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
E. M. Deuchar ◽  
A. M. L. Dryland
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Area Vasculosa

We reported recently (Deuchar & Dryland, 1965) that α-methyl-norvaline, an amino acid whose structure resembles both valine and leucine, inhibits the uptake of these two normal amino- acids into protein in explanted chick embryos and is also itself incorporated into embryonic proteins. Since the first effect of α-methyl-norvaline that we had noted (Deuchar & Dryland, 1964) was a reduction in the quantity of haemoglobin formed in the cells of the area vasculosa, it was of special interest to see whether this inhibitor blocked the uptake of valine and/or leucine into haemoglobin in particular and whether it was at the same time taken up itself into haemoglobin. The results of experiments in which haemoglobin has been extracted from area vasculosa explants and the uptake of radioactively labelled amino acids into it has been measured, are reported here.

Dexamethasone Effect on Embryonic Chick Respiratory Epithelium

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M.R. Richter ◽  
R.V. Blystone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Avian Lung

Dexamethasone and other synthetic analogs of corticosteroids have been employed clinically as enhancers of lung development. The mechanism(s) by which this steroid induction of later lung maturation operates is not clear. This study reports the effect on lung epithelia of dexamethasone administered at different intervals during development. White Leghorn chick embryos were used so as to remove possible maternal and placental influences on the exogenously applied steroid. Avian lung architecture does vary from mammals; however, respiratory surfactant produced by the lung epithelia serves an equally critical role in avian lung physiology.

Development of the Foramen Secundum in the Chick as Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
M.J.C. Hendrix ◽  
D.E. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Procaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Cardiac Anomaly ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Anomaly ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

Atrial septal defects are considered the most common congenital cardiac anomaly occurring in humans. In studying the normal sequential development of the atrial septum, chick embryos of the White Leghorn strain were prepared for scanning electron microscopy and the results were then extrapolated to the human heart. One-hundred-eighty chick embryos from 2 to 21 days of age were removed from their shells and immersed in cold cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixative . Twenty-four embryos through the first week post-hatching were perfused in vivo using cold cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixative with procaine hydrochloride. The hearts were immediately dissected free and remained in the fixative a minimum of 2 hours. In most cases, the lateral atrial walls were removed during this period. The tissues were then dehydrated using a series of ascending grades of ethanol; final dehydration of the tissues was achieved via the critical point drying method followed by sputter-coating with goldpalladium.

High-resolution transmission electron microscopic study of highly oxygen doped silicon layer

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
H. Takaoka ◽  
M. Tomita ◽  
T. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Doped Silicon ◽  
Argon Ion

High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is the effective technique for characterization of detailed structure of semiconductor materials. Oxygen is one of the important impurities in semiconductors. Detailed structure of highly oxygen doped silicon has not clearly investigated yet. This report describes detailed structure of highly oxygen doped silicon observed by HRTEM. Both samples prepared by Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and ion implantation were observed to investigate effects of oxygen concentration and doping methods to the crystal structure.The observed oxygen doped samples were prepared by MBE method in oxygen environment on (111) substrates. Oxygen concentration was about 1021 atoms/cm3. Another sample was silicon of (100) orientation implanted with oxygen ions at an energy of 180 keV. Oxygen concentration of this sample was about 1020 atoms/cm3 Cross-sectional specimens of (011) orientation were prepared by argon ion thinning and were observed by TEM at an accelerating voltage of 400 kV.

Immunocytochemical localization of desmin and vimentin in chick embryonic myocardial cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Yukiko Sugi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Study ◽  
Immunofluorescent Localization ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Semithin Sections ◽  
Filament Protein

In cultured skeletal muscle cells of chick, one intermediate filament protein, vimentin, is primarily formed and then synthesis of desmin follows. Coexistence of vimentin and desmin has been immunocytochemically confirmed in chick embryonic skeletal musclecells. Immunofluorescent localization of vimentin and desmin has been described in developing myocardial cells of hamster. However, initial localization of desmin and vimentin in early embryonic heart has not been reported in detail. By quick-freeze deep-etch method a loose network of intermediate filaments was revealed to exist surrounding myofibrils. In this report, immunocytochemical localization of desmin and vimentin is visualized in early stages of chick embryonic my ocardium.Chick embryos, Hamburger-Hamilton (H-H) stage 8 to hatch, and 1 day old postnatal chicks were used in this study. For immunofluorescence study, each embryo was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in Epon 812. De-epoxinized with sodium methoxide, semithin sections were stained with primary antibodies (rabbit anti-desmin antibody and anti-vimentin antibody)and secondary antibody (RITC conjugated goat-anti rabbit IgG).

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