Autonomic Neural Control of Cardiac Rhythm: The Role of Autonomic Imbalance in the Genesis of Cardiac Dysrhythmia

Cardiology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter C. Randall ◽  
David E. Euler ◽  
Kurt Jacobs ◽  
William Wehrmacher ◽  
Michael P. Kaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmia ◽  
Autonomic Imbalance ◽  
Control Of Cardiac Rhythm

scholarly journals A dynamic, imperturbable link between midbrain activity and saccade velocity

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-453
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Seideman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Saccade Velocity ◽  
Midbrain Structure ◽  
Instantaneous Control ◽  
Dynamic Moment

We make a saccadic eye movement once every few hundred milliseconds; however, the neural control of saccade execution is not fully understood. Dynamic, moment-by-moment variations in saccade velocity are typically thought to be controlled by neurons in the lower, but not the upper regions of the brainstem. In a recent report, Smalianchuk et al. (Smalianchuk I, Jagadisan UK, Gandhi NJ. J Neurosci 38: 10156–10167, 2018) provided strong evidence for a role of the superior colliculus, a midbrain structure, in the instantaneous control of saccade velocity, suggesting the revision of long-standing models of oculomotor control.

Effect of pharmacological blockade on cardiovascular responses to voluntary and forced diving in muskrats.

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (11) ◽  
pp. 2307-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
P E Signore ◽  
D R Jones
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker ◽  
Adrenergic Blockers ◽  
Pharmacological Blockade ◽  
Parasympathetic Influences ◽  
Neural Effect

Neural control of free and forced diving bradycardia and peripheral resistance was studied in the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) by means of acute pharmacological blockade with the muscarinic blocker atropine, the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine and the beta-adrenergic blockers nadolol and propranolol. Saline injection was used as a control. Heart rate in control animals increased before voluntary dives and dropped markedly as soon as the animals submerged. Heart rate started increasing towards the end of voluntary dives and reached pre-dive values within the first 5 s of recovery. Pre-dive and post-dive tachycardia were reduced in beta-blocked animals, emphasizing the role of the sympathetic system during the preparatory and recovery periods of voluntary dives. Diving bradycardia and the acceleration in heart rate before surfacing were abolished by atropine and unaffected by nadolol, demonstrating the importance of vagal efferent activity during diving. The results after blockade with nadolol suggest that there is an accentuated antagonism between the two branches of the autonomic nervous system during diving, so that parasympathetic influences on the heart predominate. Propranolol-treated muskrats had a higher diving heart rate than saline- and nadolol-treated animals, which may be due to a sedative effect caused by propranolol crossing the blood-brain barrier, a blockade of central catecholaminergic pathways or a peripheral neural effect, due to the anaesthetic properties of propranolol. Phentolamine did not affect diving bradycardia, indicating that diving bradycardia occurs independently of peripheral vasoconstriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Role of sensory afferents in the myoelectric response to acute enteric inflammation in the rabbit

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. G447-G455 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shea-Donohue ◽  
J. M. Goldhill ◽  
E. Montcalm-Mazzilli ◽  
C. Colleton ◽  
V. M. Pineiro-Carrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Sensory Afferents ◽  
Rabbit Small Intestine ◽  
Sustained Inhibition

The role of sensory afferents in inflammation-induced alterations in myoelectric activity in vivo was investigated in the rabbit small intestine. Isolated ileal loops were implanted with serosal electrodes and exposed to ricin or vehicle after pretreatment with 125 mg/kg of subcutaneous (125 mg over 3 days) or intraluminal (640 microM) capsaicin. After 5 h of myoelectric recording, the loops were prepared for histology and for ex vivo generation of eicosanoids. Capsaicin exacerbated mucosal damage after exposure to ricin but did not alter neutrophil infiltration. Subcutaneous capsaicin alone elevated slow-wave frequency and spike events and transiently suppressed the myoelectric response to ricin. In contrast, intraluminal capsaicin alone did not alter myoelectric activity but produced a sustained inhibition of the response to ricin. Eicosanoid production was unchanged by capsaicin alone. Intraluminal capsaicin blocked increases in leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin E2 during inflammation, an effect that paralleled its inhibition of myoelectric activity. Thus the contribution of sensory afferents to altered motility during acute ileitis involves the release of mucosal inflammatory mediators that influence neural control of smooth muscle.

Physiology in perspective: The Wisdom of the Body. Neural control of the kidney

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. R633-R641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald F. DiBona
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Cannon equated the fluid matrix of the body with Bernard’s concept of the internal environment and emphasized the importance of “the safe-guarding of an effective fluid matrix.” He further emphasized the important role of the autonomic nervous system in the establishment and maintenance of homeostasis in the internal environment. This year’s Cannon Lecture discusses the important role of the renal sympathetic nerves to regulate various aspects of overall renal function and to serve as one of the major “self-regulatory agencies which operate to preserve the constancy of the fluid matrix.”

Role of gastrin-releasing peptide in the neural control of pepsinogen secretion from the pig stomach

1988 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1216-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Skak-Nielsen ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
O.Vagn Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Pepsinogen Secretion
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