Baric Peripheric Vascular Reflex with Local Effect

Cardiology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
L·. Condorelli ◽  
A. Strano ◽  
G. Filocamo ◽  
A. Dagianti ◽  
M. Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Local Effect ◽  
Vascular Reflex

Phototherapy is a pathogenetic method in the treatment of acute sinusitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Arsen Korkmazov
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Acute Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Effect Of Light

Currently, physical treatment methods, in particular use of photochromotherapy in the treatment of sinusitis, are of interest. Is to investigate the local effect of light in the visible range (450 nm) on the factors of local infection protection of the nasal mucosa. The study involved 50 patients with a diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis at the age of 27.23±3.29 years. Exposure of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity was carried out in accordance with the parameters: 450 nm wavelength (monochromatic non-polarized blue light), during 5 minutes for each nostril. Sessions of photochromotherapy were carried out according to the "Sanitary norms and rules for the design and operation of lasers" No. 5804-91. Inclusion of photochromotherapy in the complex of therapeutic measures for patients with acute rhinosinusitis helps to reduce the total number of neutrophils in nasal secretion, normalize their lysosomal activity, NBT-reducing activity, activity and intensity of phagocytosis. Restoration of local immunity factors in nasal mucosa, expressed in normalizing the functional and metabolic status of neutrophil granulocytes of the nasal secretion, can serve as one of the criteria for the effectiveness of treatment using photochromotherapy

scholarly journals Author Correction: Non-local effect of impurity states on the exchange coupling mechanism in magnetic topological insulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago R. F. Peixoto ◽  
Hendrik Bentmann ◽  
Philipp Rüßmann ◽  
Abdul-Vakhab Tcakaev ◽  
Martin Winnerlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Coupling ◽  
Topological Insulators ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Impurity States ◽  
Non Local

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-021-00314-9

Supraspinal inhibition of a cutaneous vascular reflex in the cat

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Prout ◽  
J. H. Coote ◽  
C. B. B. Downman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Reflex Arc ◽  
Vascular Reflex ◽  
Carotid Sinus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Discharge ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

In cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane mixture, stimulation of an afferent nerve evoked a vasoconstrictor reflex (VCR) and a galvanic skin response (GSR) in the pads of the feet. Stimulation of the ventromedial medullary reticular substance at the level of the obex abolished the VCR and the GSR. VCR could also be reduced by occlusion during prolonged stimulation of another spinal or visceral afferent pathway. Medulla stimulation was effective without itself causing a sympathetic discharge to the paw, showing that inhibition rather than occlusion was operative. Anterior cerebellar stimulation also inhibited the VCR. Carotid sinus nerve stimulation did not abolish the VCR. It is concluded that the effective mechanism includes a bulbospinal inhibitory path projecting on a spinal vasoconstrictor reflex arc. This arrangement is similar to the descending pathways inhibiting other spinal reflexes but the VCR-inhibitory path can be activated independently of them.

Inter-city transport infrastructure and intra-city housing markets: Estimating the redistribution effect of high-speed rail in Shenzhen, China

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Chang ◽  
Mi Diao
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Housing Values ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
The City ◽  
Redistribution Effect ◽  
Metro Network

This study analyses the changes in intra-city housing values in response to improved inter-city connection brought by high-speed rail (HSR), using the opening of the Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen Passenger Dedicated Line (HFSL) in Shenzhen, China, as an example. The opening of the HFSL and its integration into the local metro network at Shenzhen North Station provide exogenous intra-city variations in access to the surrounding economic mass. With a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the HFSL showed a negative local effect as housing values declined by 11.5%–13.3% in the proximity of Shenzhen North Station relative to areas further from the station after the opening, possibly due to the negative externalities of the HFSL. The HFSL effect can spread along the metro network and lead to, on average, a 7% appreciation of housing values around metro stations (network effect). The direction and strength of the network effect vary by metro travel time between Shenzhen North Station and metro stations. Housing values decreased by 7.7% around metro stations within 5–15 minutes of metro travel time but increased by 63.6%, 16.6% and 29.2% around metro stations within 15–25, 25–35 and 35–45 minutes of metro travel time to Shenzhen North Station, respectively. The HFSL effect on housing values diminishes when the rail travel time is above 45 minutes. We interpret these findings as evidence of the redistribution effect in the city related to HSR connection.

scholarly journals Resolved Gas Kinematics in a Sample of Low-Redshift High Star-Formation Rate Galaxies

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Varidel ◽  
Michael Pracy ◽  
Scott Croom ◽  
Matt S. Owers ◽  
Elaine Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Integral Field Spectroscopy

AbstractWe have used integral field spectroscopy of a sample of six nearby (z ~ 0.01–0.04) high star-formation rate ($\text{SFR} \sim 10\hbox{--}40$$\text{M}_\odot \text{ yr$^{-1}$}$) galaxies to investigate the relationship between local velocity dispersion and star-formation rate on sub-galactic scales. The low-redshift mitigates, to some extent, the effect of beam smearing which artificially inflates the measured dispersion as it combines regions with different line-of-sight velocities into a single spatial pixel. We compare the parametric maps of the velocity dispersion with the Hα flux (a proxy for local star-formation rate), and the velocity gradient (a proxy for the local effect of beam smearing). We find, even for these very nearby galaxies, the Hα velocity dispersion correlates more strongly with velocity gradient than with Hα flux—implying that beam smearing is still having a significant effect on the velocity dispersion measurements. We obtain a first-order non parametric correction for the unweighted and flux weighted mean velocity dispersion by fitting a 2D linear regression model to the spaxel-by-spaxel data where the velocity gradient and the Hα flux are the independent variables and the velocity dispersion is the dependent variable; and then extrapolating to zero velocity gradient. The corrected velocity dispersions are a factor of ~ 1.3–4.5 and ~ 1.3–2.7 lower than the uncorrected flux-weighted and unweighted mean line-of-sight velocity dispersion values, respectively. These corrections are larger than has been previously cited using disc models of the velocity and velocity dispersion field to correct for beam smearing. The corrected flux-weighted velocity dispersion values are σm ~ 20–50 km s−1.

scholarly journals From DNA Radiation Damage to Cell Death: Theoretical Approaches

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ballarini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Some representative models of radiation-induced cell death, which is a crucial endpoint in radiobiology, were reviewed. The basic assumptions were identified, their consequences on predicted cell survival were analyzed, and the advantages and drawbacks of each approach were outlined. In addition to “historical” approaches such as the Target Theory, the Linear-Quadratic model, the Theory of Dual Radiation Action and Katz' model, the more recent Local Effect Model was discussed, focusing on its application in Carbon-ion hadrontherapy. Furthermore, a mechanistic model developed at the University of Pavia and based on the relationship between cell inactivation and chromosome aberrations was presented, together with recent results; the good agreement between model predictions and literature experimental data on different radiation types (photons, protons, alpha particles, and Carbon ions) supported the idea that asymmetric chromosome aberrations like dicentrics and rings play a fundamental role for cell death. Basing on these results, a reinterpretation of the TDRA was also proposed, identifying the TDRA “sublesions” and “lesions” as clustered DNA double-strand breaks and (lethal) chromosome aberrations, respectively.

Optimization of the dental implantation protocol in patients with partial secondary edentulousness and vitamin D deficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Ostrovskaya ◽  
N. В. Zakharova ◽  
A. V. Lysov ◽  
Т. S. Kochkonyan ◽  
D. A. Domenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Th 17 ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Relevance. The processes of osseointegration in the area of dental implant placement are accompanied by the development of reactions associ-ated with inflammation and activation of local immune processes in peri-implant tissues. Vitamin D preparations can have a significant local effect on the cells of the innate immune defense of the periodontal tissues.The aim of this work is to study the effectiveness of local application of vitamin D on the immune status of the peri-implant sulcus in rehabilitation of patients with partial secondary edentulous and chronic periodontitis by the method of dental implantation.Materials and methods. Determination of the content of biomarkers (IL-1RA, MCP-1, VEGF, TGF-β1, sTNFR) in the crevicular fluid before the installation of implants and the peri-implantation furrow fluid was carried out by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits «Vector Best» reagents after 3 and 6 months after surgery. The assessment of the state of the bone tissue was carried out using the Orthopantomograph tm OP300 apparatus (KAVO Dental, Germany). Vitamin D has been used topically at a therapeutic dosage.Results. Vitamin D, by reducing Th-1 and Th-17 cell proliferation and differentiation, blocks the activity of the immune-inflammatory process that occurs during implant placement.Conclusion. Application of colecalciferol in patients with moderate periodontitis leads to the activation of the production of immunoregulatory cyto-kines by the cellular structures of the peri-implantation furrow and can be used in combination with the traditional protocol in this category of patients.

Evaluation of local, regional and abscopal effects of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) combined with immunotherapy in an ectopic colon cancer model

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210593
Author(s):  
Verónica A. Trivillin ◽  
Yanina V. Langle ◽  
Mónica A. Palmieri ◽  
Emiliano C.C. Pozzi ◽  
Silvia I. Thorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Neutron Capture Therapy ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes ◽  
Abscopal Effects

We previously demonstrated, for the first time, the abscopal effect of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in an ectopic model of syngeneic colon cancer in BDIX rats. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the local and regional therapeutic efficacy and abscopal effect of BNCT mediated by boronophenyl-alanine, combined with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as an immunotherapy agent in this model. Methods: The local effect of treatment was evaluated in terms of tumor response in the irradiated tumor-bearing right hind flank. Metastatic spread to tumor-draining lymph nodes was analyzed as an indicator of regional effect. The abscopal effect of treatment was assessed as tumor growth inhibition in the contralateral (non-irradiated) left hind flank inoculated with tumor cells 2 weeks post-irradiation. The experimental groups BNCT, BNCT + BCG, BCG, Beam only (BO), BO +BCG, SHAM (tumor-bearing, no treatment, same manipulation) were studied. Results: BNCT and BNCT + BCG induced a highly significant local anti-tumor response, whereas BCG alone induced a weak local effect. BCG and BNCT + BCG induced a significant abscopal effect in the contralateral non-irradiated leg. The BNCT + BCG group showed significantly less metastatic spread to tumor-draining lymph nodes vs SHAM and vs BO. Conclusion: This study suggests that BNCT + BCG-immunotherapy would induce local, regional and abscopal effects in tumor-bearing animals. BNCT would be the main effector of the local anti-tumor effect whereas BCG would be the main effector of the abscopal effect. Advances in knowledge: Although the local effect of BNCT has been widely evidenced, this is the first study to show the local, regional and abscopal effects of BNCT combined with immunotherapy, contributing to comprehensive cancer treatment with combined therapies.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Predicts and Explains West Nile Virus Risks Across Europe: Extraordinary Outbreaks Determined by Climate and Local Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A Gayle
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Using Data

Year-to-year emergence of West Nile virus has been sporadic and notoriously hard to predict. In Europe, 2018 saw a dramatic increase in the number of cases and locations affected. In this work, we demonstrate a novel method for predicting outbreaks and understanding what drives them. This method creates a simple model for each region that directly explains how each variable affects risk. Behind the scenes, each local explanation model is produced by a state-of-the-art AI engine. This engine unpacks and restructures output from an XGBoost machine learning ensemble. XGBoost, well-known for its predictive accuracy, has always been considered a "black box" system. Not any more. With only minimal data curation and no "tuning", our model predicted where the 2018 outbreak would occur with an AUC of 97%. This model was trained using data from 2010-2016 that reflected many domains of knowledge. Climate, sociodemographic, economic, and biodiversity data were all included. Our model furthermore explained the specific drivers of the 2018 outbreak for each affected region. These effect predictions were found to be consistent with the research literature in terms of priority, direction, magnitude, and size of effect. Aggregation and statistical analysis of local effects revealed strong cross-scale interactions. From this, we concluded that the 2018 outbreak was driven by large-scale climatic anomalies enhancing the local effect of mosquito vectors. We also identified substantial areas across Europe at risk for sudden outbreak, similar to that experienced in 2018. Taken as a whole, these findings highlight the role of climate in the emergence and transmission of West Nile virus. Furthermore, they demonstrate the crucial role that the emerging "eXplainable AI" (XAI) paradigm will have in predicting and controlling disease.

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