scholarly journals Role of Intestinal Mucins in Innate Host Defense Mechanisms against Pathogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Dharmani ◽  
Vikas Srivastava ◽  
Vanessa Kissoon-Singh ◽  
Kris Chadee
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Intestinal Mucins

Sex-dependent liver colonization of human melanoma in SCID mice—role of host defense mechanisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Dobos ◽  
Anita Mohos ◽  
József Tóvári ◽  
Erzsébet Rásó ◽  
Tamás Lőrincz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Scid Mice

scholarly journals Proteomic approaches to understanding the role of the cytoskeleton in host-defense mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Radulovic ◽  
Jasminka Godovac-Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms

scholarly journals Interleukin-23 (IL-23)-IL-17 Cytokine Axis in Murine Pneumocystis carinii Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 3055-3061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen L. Rudner ◽  
Kyle I. Happel ◽  
Erana A. Young ◽  
Judd E. Shellito
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection ◽  
Interleukin 23

ABSTRACT Host defense mechanisms against Pneumocystis carinii are not fully understood. Previous work in the murine model has shown that host defense against infection is critically dependent upon host CD4+ T cells. The recently described Th17 immune response is predominantly a function of effector CD4+ T cells stimulated by interleukin-23 (IL-23), but whether these cells are required for defense against P. carinii infection is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that P. carinii stimulates the early release of IL-23, leading to increases in IL-17 production and lung effector CD4+ T-cell population that mediate clearance of infection. In vitro, stimulation of alveolar macrophages with P. carinii induced IL-23, and IL-23p19 mRNA was expressed in lungs of mice infected with this pathogen. To address the role of IL-23 in resistance to P. carinii, IL-23p19−/− and wild-type control C57BL/6 mice were infected and their fungal burdens and cytokine/chemokine responses were compared. IL-23p19−/− mice displayed transient but impaired clearance of infection, which was most apparent 2 weeks after inoculation. In confirmatory studies, the administration of either anti-IL-23p19 or anti-IL-17 neutralizing antibody to wild-type mice infected with P. carinii also caused increases in fungal burdens. IL-17 and the lymphocyte chemokines IP-10, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES were decreased in the lungs of infected IL-23p19−/− mice in comparison to their levels in the lungs of wild-type mice. In IL-23p19−/− mice infected with P. carinii, there were fewer effector CD4+ T cells in the lung tissue. Collectively, these studies indicate that the IL-23-IL-17 axis participates in host defense against P. carinii.

scholarly journals Role of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Modifying Host Defense and Decreasing Bacterial Virulence

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6970
Author(s):  
Julianne M. Thornton ◽  
Kingsley Yin
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Bioactive Fatty Acids ◽  
Insight Into

Bacterial infection activates the innate immune system as part of the host’s defense against invading pathogens. Host response to bacterial pathogens includes leukocyte activation, inflammatory mediator release, phagocytosis, and killing of bacteria. An appropriate host response requires resolution. The resolution phase involves attenuation of neutrophil migration, neutrophil apoptosis, macrophage recruitment, increased phagocytosis, efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, and tissue repair. Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) are bioactive fatty acids that were shown to be highly effective in promoting resolution of infectious inflammation and survival in several models of infection. In this review, we provide insight into the role of SPMs in active host defense mechanisms for bacterial clearance including a new mechanism of action in which an SPM acts directly to reduce bacterial virulence.

scholarly journals The Role of Proteases in the Virulence of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Figaj ◽  
Patrycja Ambroziak ◽  
Tomasz Przepiora ◽  
Joanna Skorko-Glonek
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

A pathogenic lifestyle is inextricably linked with the constant necessity of facing various challenges exerted by the external environment (both within and outside the host). To successfully colonize the host and establish infection, pathogens have evolved sophisticated systems to combat the host defense mechanisms and also to be able to withstand adverse environmental conditions. Proteases, as crucial components of these systems, are involved in a variety of processes associated with infection. In phytopathogenic bacteria, they play important regulatory roles and modulate the expression and functioning of various virulence factors. Secretory proteases directly help avoid recognition by the plant immune systems, and contribute to the deactivation of the defense response pathways. Finally, proteases are important components of protein quality control systems, and thus enable maintaining homeostasis in stressed bacterial cells. In this review, we discuss the known protease functions and protease-regulated signaling processes associated with virulence of plant pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Induction of Reactive Intermediates and Autophagy-Related Proteins upon Infection of Macrophages withRhodococcus equi

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth Chandramani-Shivalingappa ◽  
Mahesh Bhandari ◽  
Sarah A. Wiechert ◽  
Jessica Gilbertie ◽  
Douglas E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow ◽  
Related Proteins

Rhodococcus equi (R. equi)is an intracellular macrophage-tropic pathogen with potential for causing fatal pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals between 1 and 6 months of age. In this study, we sought to determine whether infection of macrophages withR. equicould lead to the induction of autophagy. Murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) were infected withR. equifor various time intervals and analyzed for upregulation of autophagy proteins and accumulation of autophagosomes relative to uninfected controls. Western blot analysis showed a progressive increase in LC3-II and Beclin1 levels in a time-dependent manner. The functional accumulation of autophagosomes detected with monodansylcadaverine further supported the enhanced induction of autophagy in BMDM infected withR. equi. In addition, infection of BMDM withR. equiinduced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time-dependent manner. These data are consistent with reports documenting the role of ROS in induction of autophagy and indicate that the infection of macrophages byR. equielicits innate host defense mechanisms.

scholarly journals ROLE OF GLUTATHIONE IN PHAGOCYTE HOST DEFENSE MECHANISMS

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Ron S Weening ◽  
Dirk Roos ◽  
Hans A Loos
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms
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