Hepatitis B Virus in Tissue Culture Systems

Intervirology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan V. Milovanovic ◽  
Vera Zivanovic-Marinkovic ◽  
Naum Nanusevic ◽  
Dragoljub Stankovic
Uirusu ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Yuichi AKAHORI ◽  
Makoto HIJIKATA

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Shimizu ◽  
Shuji Nambu ◽  
Takashi Kojima ◽  
Hiroshi Sasaki

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 2501-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Schmitteckert ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Schlicht

Besides the three essential genes encoding the envelope, core and polymerase proteins, all mammalian hepadnaviruses examined to date contain a fourth gene which is referred to as the x-gene. This gene is believed to encode a transcriptional transactivator which positively regulates viral gene expression. Attempts to detect X-protein in vivo or in tissue culture lead to varying results. Whereas some groups could detect a protein of the expected size, other groups did not. To establish optimal conditions for the isolation of the human hepatitis B virus X-protein, we introduced a recognition site for protein kinase A into the x-gene. Upon phosphorylation with radioactive ATP, this modified X-protein can be detected with very high specificity and sensitivity. Tissue culture experiments showed that X-protein expressed from a cytomegalovirus-driven plasmid is not soluble in non-ionic detergent but rather has to be extracted from the cell pellet by boiling with SDS at a slightly alkaline pH. This method was then used to examine the organs of several transgenic mouse lines which expressed the modified x-gene under control of the authentic promoter. The data show that expression of the x-gene and subsequent biosynthesis of the X-protein is not tissue-specific but rather can occur in most organs.


2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Rukavtsova ◽  
T. V. Abramikhina ◽  
N. Ya. Shulga ◽  
V. A. Bykov ◽  
Ya. I. Bur’yanov

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