Modification of Endometrial Arteries during Invasion by Cytotrophoblast Cells in the Pregnant Macaque

1997 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Enders ◽  
T.N. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Cytotrophoblast Cells

Trophoblast Cell Membrane Interactions at Implantation

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
A. C. Enders
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Trophoblast Cell ◽  
Membrane Interactions ◽  
Uterine Epithelial Cells ◽  
Functional Complex ◽  
Cytotrophoblast Cells ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Syncytial Trophoblast

The alteration in membrane relationships seen at implantation include 1) interaction between cytotrophoblast cells to form syncytial trophoblast and addition to the syncytium by subsequent fusion of cytotrophoblast cells, 2) formation of a wide variety of functional complex relationships by trophoblast with uterine epithelial cells in the process of invasion of the endometrium, and 3) in the case of the rabbit, fusion of some uterine epithelial cells with the trophoblast.Formation of syncytium is apparently a membrane fusion phenomenon in which rapid confluence of cytoplasm often results in isolation of residual membrane within masses of syncytial trophoblast. Often the last areas of membrane to disappear are those including a desmosome where the cell membranes are apparently held apart from fusion.

Ultrastructural evidence of transplacental transport of immunoglobulin G in bitches

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Stoffel ◽  
AE Friess ◽  
SH Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Cytotrophoblast Cells ◽  
Fetal Vessels

In dogs, passive immunity is conferred to fetuses and neonates by the transfer of maternal immunoglobulin G through the placenta during the last trimester of pregnancy and via the mammary gland after parturition, respectively. However, morphological evidence of transplacental transport is still lacking. The aim of the present study was to localize maternal immunoglobulin G in the labyrinthine zone and in the haemophagous zone of the canine placenta by means of immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. In the labyrinthine zone, immunoglobulin G was detected in all the layers of the materno-fetal barrier including the fetal capillaries. Immunoreactivity was particularly prominent in maternal basement membrane material as well as in the syncytiotrophoblast. However, this evidence of transplacental transport of immunoglobulin G originated from a limited number of unevenly distributed maternal vessels only. In the cytotrophoblast of the haemophagous zone, immunoglobulin G was localized to phagolysosomes at various stages but was never detected within fetal vessels. The results indicate that maternal immunoglobulin G is degraded in cytotrophoblast cells of the hemophagous zone and, therefore, that transplacental transport is restricted to a subpopulation of maternal vessels in the labyrinthine zone.

scholarly journals Interleukin (IL)-1β Stimulates Migration and Survival of First-Trimester Villous Cytotrophoblast Cells through Endometrial Epithelial Cell-Derived IL-8

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Hirota ◽  
Yutaka Osuga ◽  
Akiko Hasegawa ◽  
Ako Kodama ◽  
Toshiki Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cytotrophoblast Cells

Id-2 regulates critical aspects of human cytotrophoblast differentiation, invasion and migration

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Janatpour ◽  
M.T. McMaster ◽  
O. Genbacev ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
J. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Bhlh Factors ◽  
Cytotrophoblast Cells ◽  
And Migration

During early human placental development, the conceptus attaches itself to the uterus through cytotrophoblast invasion. Invasive cytotrophoblast cells differentiate from precursor villous cytotrophoblasts, but the essential regulating factors in this process are unknown. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor dimers are essential regulators of mouse trophoblast development. We therefore examined the importance of this family of factors in the human placenta. In many cell lineages, bHLH factors are sequestered by members of the Id family, HLH proteins that lack the basic DNA binding domain (Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (Id-1 to Id-4)). During differentiation of some tissues, Id expression declines, allowing bHLH factors to dimerize, bind DNA and trans-activate lineage-specific genes. To begin to study the role of bHLH transcription factors in human placental development, we first characterized Id expression in cytotrophoblast cells. The cells expressed Id-3 constitutively; Id-2 was downregulated, at the mRNA and protein levels, as the cells differentiated in culture and in situ, respectively. In cases when cytotrophoblast differentiation was compromised (in placentas from women with preeclampsia, or in cells grown under hypoxic conditions in culture), Id-2 expression was maintained. To assess the functional relevance of these correlations, we used an adenovirus vector to maintain Id-2 protein expression in cultured cytotrophoblasts. Compared to control (lacZ-expressing) cells, cytotrophoblasts transduced to constitutively express Id-2 retained characteristics of undifferentiated cells: (alpha)1 integrin expression was low and cyclin B expression was retained. Furthermore, invasion through Matrigel was partially inhibited and migration was strikingly enhanced in Id-2-expressing cells. These results suggest that Id-2 and the bHLH factors that it partners play important roles in human cytotrophoblast development.

IFN-γ Promotes Apoptosis of the Uterus and Placenta in Pregnant Rat and Human Cytotrophoblast Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hong Sun ◽  
Jing-Pian Peng ◽  
Hong-Fei Xia ◽  
Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cytotrophoblast Cells
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