Some New Findings about Hofbauer Cells in the Chorionic Villi of the Human Placenta

1984 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Demir ◽  
Türkân Erbengi
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Hofbauer Cells

scholarly journals The Elusive Role of Placental Macrophages: The Hofbauer Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Z. Zulu ◽  
Fernando O. Martinez ◽  
Siamon Gordon ◽  
Clive M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Placental Macrophages

In this review, we discuss the often overlooked tissue-resident fetal macrophages, Hofbauer cells, which are found within the chorionic villi of the human placenta. Hofbauer cells have been shown to have a phenotype associated with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. They are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of pregnancy and in the maintenance of a homeostatic environment that is crucial for fetal development. Even though the numbers of these macrophages are some of the most abundant immune cells in the human placenta, which are sustained throughout pregnancy, there are very few studies that have identified their origin, their phenotype, and functions and why they are maintained throughout gestation. It is not yet understood how Hofbauer cells may change in function throughout normal pregnancy, and especially in those complicated by maternal gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and viral infections, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. We review what is known about the origin of these macrophages and explore how common complications of pregnancy dysregulate these cells leading to adverse birth outcomes in humans. Our synthesis sheds light on areas for human studies that can further define these innate regulatory cells.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Abortion and Chikungunya Infection: Pathological Findings

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Natália Salomão ◽  
Michelle Brendolin ◽  
Kíssila Rabelo ◽  
Mayumi Wakimoto ◽  
Ana Maria de Filippis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Decidual Cells ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Maternal Fetal Transmission

Intrauterine transmission of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) during early pregnancy has rarely been reported, although vertical transmission has been observed in newborns. Here, we report four cases of spontaneous abortion in women who became infected with CHIKV between the 11th and 17th weeks of pregnancy. Laboratorial confirmation of the infection was conducted by RT-PCR on a urine sample for one case, and the other three were by detection of IgM anti-CHIKV antibodies. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and an electron microscopy assay allowed us to find histopathological, such as inflammatory infiltrate in the decidua and chorionic villi, as well as areas of calcification, edema and the deposition of fibrinoid material, and ultrastructural changes, such as mitochondria with fewer cristae and ruptured membranes, endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisterns, dispersed chromatin in the nuclei and the presence of an apoptotic body in case 1. In addition, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found a positivity for the anti-CHIKV antibody in cells of the endometrial glands, decidual cells, syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, Hofbauer cells and decidual macrophages. Electron microscopy also helped in identifying virus-like particles in the aborted material with a diameter of 40–50 nm, which was consistent with the size of CHIKV particles in the literature. Our findings in this study suggest early maternal fetal transmission, adding more evidence on the role of CHIKV in fetal death.

scholarly journals The Ontogeny and Function of Placental Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake R. Thomas ◽  
Praveena Naidu ◽  
Anna Appios ◽  
Naomi McGovern
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Placental Macrophages ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The placenta is a fetal-derived organ whose function is crucial for both maternal and fetal health. The human placenta contains a population of fetal macrophages termed Hofbauer cells. These macrophages play diverse roles, aiding in placental development, function and defence. The outer layer of the human placenta is formed by syncytiotrophoblast cells, that fuse to form the syncytium. Adhered to the syncytium at sites of damage, on the maternal side of the placenta, is a population of macrophages termed placenta associated maternal macrophages (PAMM1a). Here we discuss recent developments that have led to renewed insight into our understanding of the ontogeny, phenotype and function of placental macrophages. Finally, we discuss how the application of new technologies within placental research are helping us to further understand these cells.

Expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and its receptor is regulated during the development of the human placenta

1996 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
S McCracken ◽  
J E Layton ◽  
S C Shorter ◽  
P M Starkey ◽  
D H Barlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Decidual Tissue ◽  
Weak Staining ◽  
Extravillous Cytotrophoblast ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract The development of the placenta is dependent upon the regulated proliferation, invasion and differentiation of trophoblast. Expression of cytokines at the feto-maternal interface suggests that these molecules may participate in placentation. The expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) during the development of the human placenta was studied by immunohistochemistry using an anti-G-CSF monoclonal antibody (mAb) and two novel anti-G-CSFR mAbs. G-CSF was present in the stroma of fetal chorionic villi and maternal decidual tissues throughout pregnancy. G-CSFR was detected at high levels in fetal first and third, but not second trimester placental tissues. Staining for G-CSFR was undetectable in maternal decidual tissue from all gestational stages. In first trimester tissues, staining for placental G-CSFR was strongest in differentiated syncytiotrophoblast and invasive, extravillous cytotrophoblast, and weak staining was evident in undifferentiated cytotrophoblast. Immunohistochemical data suggesting temporal regulation of G-CSFR were corroborated by Western blotting and amplification by reverse transcription and PCR of G-CSFR mRNA. These data suggested that expression of G-CSFR in the human placenta is regulated both temporally and spatially, and that placental G-CSF is involved in paracrine regulation, and indicate a role for G-CSF and G-CSFR in trophoblast growth or function during placentation. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 249–258

scholarly journals Placental Pathology of Zika Virus: Viral Infection of the Placenta Induces Villous Stromal Macrophage (Hofbauer Cell) Proliferation and Hyperplasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Z. Rosenberg ◽  
Weiying Yu ◽  
D. Ashley Hill ◽  
Christine A. Reyes ◽  
David A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Rna Probe

Context.—The placenta is an important component in understanding the fetal response to intrauterine Zika virus infection, but the pathologic changes in this organ remain largely unknown. Hofbauer cells are fetal-derived macrophages normally present in the chorionic villous stroma. They have been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathologic processes, in particular involving infectious agents. Objectives.—To characterize the fetal and maternal responses and viral localization in the placenta following Zika virus transmission to an 11 weeks' gestation fetus. The clinical course was notable for prolonged viremia in the mother and extensive neuronal necrosis in the fetus. The fetus was delivered at 21 weeks' gestation after pregnancy termination. Design.—The placenta was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry for inflammatory cells (macrophages/monocytes [Hofbauer cells], B and T lymphocytes) and proliferating cells, and an RNA probe to Zika virus. The fetal brain and the placenta were previously found to be positive for Zika virus RNA by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results.—The placenta demonstrated prominently enlarged, hydropic chorionic villi with hyperplasia and focal proliferation of Hofbauer cells. The degree of Hofbauer cell hyperplasia gave an exaggerated immature appearance to the villi. No acute or chronic villitis, villous necrosis, remote necroinflammatory abnormalities, chorioamnionitis, funisitis, or hemorrhages were present. An RNA probe to Zika virus was positive in villous stromal cells, presumably Hofbauer cells. Conclusions.—Zika virus placental infection induces proliferation and prominent hyperplasia of Hofbauer cells in the chorionic villi but does not elicit villous necrosis or a maternal or fetal lymphoplasmacellular or acute inflammatory cell reaction.

scholarly journals Ca2+-binding protein of the human placenta. Characterization, immunohistochemical localization and functional involvement in Ca2+ transport

1985 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Functional Involvement ◽  
Microsomal Membranes ◽  
Specific Rabbit

The Ca2+-binding protein (HCaBP) of the human placenta was studied with respect to its biochemical properties, tissue and cellular distribution, and possible involvement in placental Ca2+ transport. Optimal Ca2+ binding by the HCaBP occurs at pH 7-8 and in 100 mM-Na+ and 3 mM-Ca2+. The HCaBP possesses at least 10 Ca2+-binding sites with a Kd of 5 × 10(-6) M ([Ca2+]). Highly specific rabbit-derived anti-HCaBP antibodies were used for HCaBP immunoquantification and immunohistochemistry, which revealed that the HCaBP is localized in the chorionic villi and is primarily associated with the trophoblastic cells of the placenta. In addition, an ‘in vitro’ cell-free assay system for Ca2+ uptake was constructed with microsomal membranes isolated from term placental tissues. Ca2+ uptake by the placental microsomal fraction exhibited characteristics indicative of active Ca2+ transport such as temperature-dependence, saturability and energetic requirement. In this system, preincubation of microsomal membranes with anti-HCaBP antibodies inhibited Ca2+ uptake, suggesting that the HCaBP is functionally involved in placental membrane Ca2+ uptake.

scholarly journals Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from chorionic villi of human placenta

Ensho Saisei ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Kouichi Igura ◽  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Ayako Mitsuru ◽  
Tsuneo A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chorionic Villi

DC-SIGN expression in Hofbauer cells may play an important role in immune tolerance in fetal chorionic villi during the development of preeclampsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Woo Yang ◽  
Eun Hee Cho ◽  
So Young Choi ◽  
Yun Kyung Lee ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Hofbauer Cells
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