DEPLETIONS OF PHARYNGEAL ARCH CARTILAGES FOLLOWING EXTIRPATION OF CRANIAL NEURAL CREST IN CHICK EMBRYOS

1964 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warner S. Hammond ◽  
Chester L. Yntema
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest

Modulation of β‐catenin levels regulates cranial neural crest patterning and dispersal into first pharyngeal arch

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 (11) ◽  
pp. 1347-1364
Author(s):  
Alok Javali ◽  
Vairavan Lakshmanan ◽  
Dasaradhi Palakodeti ◽  
Ramkumar Sambasivan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest

scholarly journals Combined intrinsic and extrinsic influences pattern cranial neural crest migration and pharyngeal arch morphogenesis in axolotl

2004 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cerny ◽  
Daniel Meulemans ◽  
Jürgen Berger ◽  
Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger ◽  
Thomas Kurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Migration

scholarly journals An atlas of anteriorhoxgene expression in the embryonic sea lamprey head:hox-code evolution in vertebrates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo J. Parker ◽  
Marianne E. Bronner ◽  
Robb Krumlauf
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest ◽  
Head Development ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Restricted Domains ◽  
Ancestral Vertebrate ◽  
Embryonic Head

AbstractIn the hindbrain and the adjacent cranial neural crest (NC) cells of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), nested and segmentally-restricted domains ofHoxgene expression provide a combinatorialHox-code for specifying regional properties during head development. Extant jawless vertebrates, such as the sea lamprey(Petromyzon marinus),can provide insights into the evolution and diversification of thisHox-code in vertebrates. There is evidence for gnathostome-like spatial patterns ofHoxexpression in lamprey; however, the expression domains of the majority of lampreyhoxgenes from paralogy groups (PG) 1-4 are yet to be characterized, so it is unknown whether they are coupled to hindbrain segments (rhombomeres) and NC. In this study, we systematically describe the spatiotemporal expression of all 14 sea lampreyhoxgenes from PG1-PG4 in the developing hindbrain and pharynx to investigate the extent to which their expression conforms to the archetypal gnathostome hindbrain and pharyngealhox-codes. We find many similarities inHoxexpression between lamprey and gnathostome species, particularly in rhombomeric domains during hindbrain segmentation and in the cranial neural crest, enabling inference of aspects ofHoxexpression in the ancestral vertebrate embryonic head. These data are consistent with the idea that aHoxregulatory network underlying hindbrain segmentation is a pan vertebrate trait. We also reveal differences in hindbrain domains at later stages, as well as expression in the endostyle and in pharyngeal arch (PA) 1 mesoderm. Our analysis suggests that manyHoxexpression domains that are observed in extant gnathostomes were present in ancestral vertebrates but have been partitioned differently acrossHoxclusters in gnathostome and cyclostome lineages after duplication.

scholarly journals Modulation of β-catenin levels is critical for cranial neural crest patterning and dispersal into first pharyngeal arch

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Javali ◽  
Vairavan Laxmanan ◽  
Dasaradhi Palakodeti ◽  
Ramkumar Sambasivan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Pharyngeal Arches ◽  
Cell Arrangement ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest Cells

AbstractVertebrate cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) are multipotent. Proximal to the source CNCC form the cranial ganglia. Distally, in the pharyngeal arches, they give rise to the craniofacial skeleton and connective tissues. Fate choices are made as CNCC pattern into distinct destination compartments. In spite of this importance, the mechanism patterning CNCC is poorly defined. Here, we report that a novel β-catenin-controlled switch in the cell arrangement is critical in patterning CNCC. In mouse embryos, at the first pharyngeal arch axial level, membrane β-catenin levels correlate with the extent of cell-cell adhesion and thus, with a collective or a dispersed state of CNCC. Using in vitro human neural crest model and chemical modulators of β-catenin levels, we show a requirement for down-modulating β-catenin for the collective-to-dispersed switch. Similarly, in β-catenin gain of function mutant mouse embryos, CNCC fail to disperse, which may underlie their failure to populate first pharyngeal arch. Thus, we show that β-catenin-mediated regulation of CNCC tissue architecture, a previously underappreciated mechanism, underlies the patterning of CNCC into fate-specific compartments.Summary statementThe report shows a crucial step in cranial neural crest patterning. Neural crest cells invading the pharyngeal arches transition from a collective to a dispersed state. This transition in cell arrangement is dependent on membrane β-catenin levels.

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