Human α-satellite DNAs are not susceptible to undercondensation after 5-azacytidine treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L Fernández ◽  
V. Goyanes ◽  
C. López-Femández ◽  
J. Gosálvez
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Satellite ◽  
Satellite Dnas

scholarly journals Rich polymorphic variants of alpha satellite 34mer higher order repeats in hg38 assembly of human chromosome Y

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Vlahović ◽  
Matko Glunčić ◽  
Vladimir Paar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Alpha Satellite ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Human Y Chromosome

AbstractA challenging problem in human population genetics is related to the unique role of human Y chromosome, with properties that distinguish humans from other species. Centromeres in primate genomes are constituted of tandem repeats of ∼ 171 bp alpha satellite monomers, commonly organized into higher order repats (HORs). Because of gaps in DNA sequencing, HOR regions as genomic “black holes” have been understudied in spite of crucial importance. Only recently the sequencing of more complete satellite DNAs becomes accessible. In human Y chromosome the largest alpha satellite higher order repeat unit 34/36mer was found, but its polymorphic variants were not investigated. Here, we study the human Y chromosome centromeric genomic sequence from hg38 assembly using our novel ALPHAsub algorithm for simple identification of alpha satellite arrays and robust GRM algorithm for HOR identification in repeat sequences. We determine the monomer alignment scheme for alpha satellite HOR array based on canonical 34mer HOR, discovering a wealth of novel polymorphic variants which include the HOR-type monomer duplications, monomer deletions/insertions or rearrangements and non-HOR insertions.Author SummaryThe centromere is important for segregation of chromosomes during cell division in eukaryotes. Its destabilization results in chromosomal missegregation, aneuploidy, hallmarks of cancers and birth defects. In primate genomes centromeres contain tandem repeats of ∼ 171 bp alpha satellite DNA, commonly organized into higher order repeats (HORs). In this work, we used our bioinformatics algorithms to study the human Y chromosome centromeric genomic sequence and we discover a wealth of novel polymorphic variants which include the HOR-type monomer duplications, monomer deletions/insertions or rearrangements and non-HOR insertions. These results could help to understand the role of alpha satellites and alpha HOR structures in centromeric organization and function, in particular their role in creating a functional kinetochore that is crucial for chromosome segregation during cell division.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Affects H3K9me3 Level at Human Alpha Satellite DNA Repeats

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Isidoro Feliciello ◽  
Antonio Sermek ◽  
Željka Pezer ◽  
Maja Matulić ◽  
Đurđica Ugarković
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Alpha Satellite ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Alpha Satellite Dna ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
H3k9me3 Level

Satellite DNAs are tandemly repeated sequences preferentially assembled into large arrays within constitutive heterochromatin and their transcription is often activated by stress conditions, particularly by heat stress. Bioinformatic analyses of sequenced genomes however reveal single repeats or short arrays of satellite DNAs dispersed in the vicinity of genes within euchromatin. Here, we analyze transcription of a major human alpha satellite DNA upon heat stress and follow the dynamics of “silent” H3K9me3 and “active” H3K4me2/3 histone marks at dispersed euchromatic and tandemly arranged heterochromatic alpha repeats. The results show H3K9me3 enrichment at alpha repeats upon heat stress, which correlates with the dynamics of alpha satellite DNA transcription activation, while no change in H3K4me2/3 level is detected. Spreading of H3K9me3 up to 1–2 kb from the insertion sites of the euchromatic alpha repeats is detected, revealing the alpha repeats as modulators of local chromatin structure. In addition, expression of genes containing alpha repeats within introns as well as of genes closest to the intergenic alpha repeats is downregulated upon heat stress. Further studies are necessary to reveal the possible contribution of H3K9me3 enriched alpha repeats, in particular those located within introns, to the silencing of their associated genes.

Alpha satellite DNAs on chromosomes 10 and 12 are both members of the dimeric suprachromosomal subfamily, but display little identity at the nucleotide sequence level

Genomics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H.J. Looijenga ◽  
J.W. Oosterhuis ◽  
V.T.H.B.M. Smit ◽  
J.W. Wessels ◽  
P. Mollevanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Alpha Satellite ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Level

On the mode of evolution of alpha satellite DNA in human populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Marçais ◽  
J. P. Charlieu ◽  
B. Allain ◽  
E. Brun ◽  
M. Bellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Alpha Satellite ◽  
Alpha Satellite Dna

scholarly journals SATELLITE DNAs IN THE EMBRYOS OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF THE GENUS DROSOPHILA

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439
Author(s):  
E C Travaglini ◽  
J Petrovic ◽  
J Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Class I ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Gc Composition

ABSTRACT A tentative evolutionary pattern has been found for two classes of the multiple satellite DNA's found in the genus Drosophila. The satellite DNA's from five Drosophila species (D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. nasuta, D. virilis and D. hydei) were analyzed and found to fall into three arbitrary CsCl buoyant density classes: Class I, ρ = 1.661-1.669 g cm-3, DNA molecules composed of primarily dA and dT moieties; Class II, ρ = 1.685 and ρ = 1.692, DNA molecules of low GC content; and Class III, ρ = 1.711, a DNA of high GC composition. The dAT satellite DNA's appear in all the species studied except D. hydei, the species of most recent evolutionary divergence, whereas the heavy satellite appears only in the two species of most recent divergence, D. virilis and D. hydei.

Two-color hybridization with high complexity chromosome-specific probes and a degenerate alpha satellite probe DNA allows unambiguous discrimination between symmetrical and asymmetrical translocations

Chromosoma ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz-Ulrich G. Weier ◽  
Joe N. Lucas ◽  
Marilyn Poggensee ◽  
Richard Segraves ◽  
Daniel Pinkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Satellite ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Unambiguous Discrimination
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document