The genes for protamine 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) and transition protein 2 (TNP2) are closely linked in the mammalian genome

1992 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Engel ◽  
S. Keime ◽  
H. Kremling ◽  
H. Hameister ◽  
G. Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Genome ◽  
Transition Protein ◽  
Protamine 1

Cytoplasmic localization during storage and translation of the mRNAs of transition protein 1 and protamine 1, two translationally regulated transcripts of the mammalian testis

1991 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Morales ◽  
Y.K. Kwon ◽  
N.B. Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Localization ◽  
Chromatoid Body ◽  
Translational Arrest ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Transition Protein ◽  
Protamine 1

During spermatogenesis in mammals, the transcripts of transition protein 1 (TP 1) and protamine 1 (Prm 1) are under translational regulation. Following their transcription in round spermatids, the mRNAs for TP 1 and Prm 1 are stored in the cytoplasm from 3–7 days before being translated towards the end of spermatogenesis. To test the hypothesis that the inactivation or activation of transcripts during spermiogenesis could be mediated by mRNA compartmentalization in the cytoplasm of spermatids, light and electron microscopy were used to localize, by in situ hybridization, the cellular and subcellular sites of stored and translated mRNAs for these two testis-specific transcripts. During early spermiogenesis (before step 7) nuclear transcripts of both TP 1 and Prm 1 were seen. After step 7 the TP 1 and Prm 1 mRNAs were only detected in the cytoplasm. Throughout spermiogenesis the cytoplasmic mRNAs were not localized to any membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria or to non-membrane-bound structures such as the chromatoid body. These studies demonstrate that the translational arrest of the TP 1 and Prm 1 mRNAs is not primarily controlled by compartmentalized storage in the cytoplasm of spermatids. Moreover, when translation of these mRNAs occurs in elongated spermatids, the mRNAs are present throughout the cytoplasm.

Bovine protamine 1, protamine 2, and transition protein 2 map to BTA 29q12?13

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 523-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Friedl ◽  
O. J. Rottmann
Keyword(s):  
Transition Protein ◽  
Protamine 1 ◽  
Protamine 2

Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive azoospermic patients

Andrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Amjad ◽  
Shamim Mushtaq ◽  
Rehana Rehman ◽  
Adnan Munir ◽  
Nida Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Ratio ◽  
Protamine 1 ◽  
Protamine 2

scholarly journals DNMT1 reads heterochromatic H4K20me3 to reinforce LINE-1 DNA methylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendan Ren ◽  
Huitao Fan ◽  
Sara A. Grimm ◽  
Jae Jin Kim ◽  
Linhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Mammalian Genome ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase 1 ◽  
Chromatin Modifications ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
Radiation Induced

AbstractDNA methylation and trimethylated histone H4 Lysine 20 (H4K20me3) constitute two important heterochromatin-enriched marks that frequently cooperate in silencing repetitive elements of the mammalian genome. However, it remains elusive how these two chromatin modifications crosstalk. Here, we report that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) specifically ‘recognizes’ H4K20me3 via its first bromo-adjacent-homology domain (DNMT1BAH1). Engagement of DNMT1BAH1-H4K20me3 ensures heterochromatin targeting of DNMT1 and DNA methylation at LINE-1 retrotransposons, and cooperates with the previously reported readout of histone H3 tail modifications (i.e., H3K9me3 and H3 ubiquitylation) by the RFTS domain to allosterically regulate DNMT1’s activity. Interplay between RFTS and BAH1 domains of DNMT1 profoundly impacts DNA methylation at both global and focal levels and genomic resistance to radiation-induced damage. Together, our study establishes a direct link between H4K20me3 and DNA methylation, providing a mechanism in which multivalent recognition of repressive histone modifications by DNMT1 ensures appropriate DNA methylation patterning and genomic stability.

scholarly journals Potential effect of tobacco cigarettes smoking on global DNA methylation status and protamines transcripts in human spermatozoa

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Laqqan ◽  
Maged M. Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Heavy Smokers ◽  
Protamine 1 ◽  
Protamine 2

Abstract Background Epigenetics refers to an alteration in gene expression without alteration in the sequence of DNA and this process may be affected by environmental factors and lifestyle like cigarette smoking. This study was designed to evaluate the potential effect of cigarette smoking on the global DNA methylation status and the transcription level of protamine 1 and protamine 2 in human spermatozoa. A total of 188 semen samples were collected from men with a mean age of 34.9 ± 5.8 years old (98 heavy smokers and 90 non-smokers). The DNA and RNA were isolated from purified spermatozoa, then the status of global DNA methylation and the transcription level of protamine 1 and protamine 2 were evaluated using ELISA and qPCR, respectively. The chromatin non-condensation and DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa were evaluated using chromomycin A3 staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. Results A significant increase has been found in the status of global DNA methylation in spermatozoa of heavy smokers compared to non-smokers (7.69 ± 0.69 ng/μl vs. 4.90 ± 0.40 ng/μl, P < 0.001). Additionally, a significant reduction has been found in transcription level of protamine 1 (25.49 ± 0.31 vs. 23.94 ± 0.40, P < 0.001) and protamine 2 (28.27 ± 0.39 vs. 23.45 ± 0.30, P < 0.001) in heavy smokers. A downregulation has been found in the transcription level of protamine 1 and protamine 2 with a fold change of 0.497 and 0.047, respectively. A significant increase has been shown in the level of DNA fragmentation and chromatin non-condensation in heavy smokers compared to non-smokers (P < 0.001). On the other hand, a significant positive correlation has been found between sperm chromatin non-condensation, sperm DNA fragmentation, transcription level of protamine 1, transcription level of protamine 2, and global DNA methylation status (r = 0.304, P < 0.001; r = 0.399, P < 0.001; r = 0.216, P = 0.003; r = 0.494, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Tobacco cigarette smoking has a potential influence on the global DNA methylation and the transcription level of protamine genes in human spermatozoa, and consequently, affect negatively on the semen parameters.

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