Fragile sites, telomeric DNA sequences, B chromosomes, and DNA content in raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides, with comparative notes on foxes, coyote, wolf, and raccoon

1988 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Wurster-Hill ◽  
O.G. Ward ◽  
B.H. Davis ◽  
J.P. Park ◽  
R.K. Moyzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miluse Vozdova ◽  
Svatava Kubickova ◽  
Halina Cernohorska ◽  
Jan Fröhlich ◽  
Jiri Rubes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation

Satellite DNA is a characteristic component of mammalian centromeric heterochromatin, and a comparative analysis of its evolutionary dynamics can be used for phylogenetic studies. We analysed satellite and satellite-like DNA sequences available in NCBI for 4 species of the family Canidae (red fox, Vulpes vulpes, VVU; domestic dog, Canis familiaris, CFA; arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus, VLA; raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, NPR) by comparative sequence analysis, which revealed 86-90% intraspecies and 76-79% interspecies similarity. Comparative fluorescence in situ hybridisation in the red fox and dog showed signals of the red fox satellite probe in canine and vulpine autosomal centromeres, on VVUY, B chromosomes, and in the distal parts of VVU9q and VVU10p which were shown to contain nucleolus organiser regions. The CFA satellite probe stained autosomal centromeres only in the dog. The CFA satellite-like DNA did not show any significant sequence similarity with the satellite DNA of any species analysed and was localised to the centromeres of 9 canine chromosome pairs. No significant heterochromatin block was detected on the B chromosomes of the red fox. Our results show extensive heterogeneity of satellite sequences among Canidae and prove close evolutionary relationships between the red and arctic fox.

scholarly journals Telomeric DNA sequences in beetle taxa vary with species richness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Prušáková ◽  
Vratislav Peska ◽  
Stano Pekár ◽  
Michal Bubeník ◽  
Lukáš Čížek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Telomeric Sequence ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Protective Structures

AbstractTelomeres are protective structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, and disruption of their nucleoprotein composition usually results in genome instability and cell death. Telomeric DNA sequences have generally been found to be exceptionally conserved in evolution, and the most common pattern of telomeric sequences across eukaryotes is (TxAyGz)n maintained by telomerase. However, telomerase-added DNA repeats in some insect taxa frequently vary, show unusual features, and can even be absent. It has been speculated about factors that might allow frequent changes in telomere composition in Insecta. Coleoptera (beetles) is the largest of all insect orders and based on previously available data, it seemed that the telomeric sequence of beetles varies to a great extent. We performed an extensive mapping of the (TTAGG)n sequence, the ancestral telomeric sequence in Insects, across the main branches of Coleoptera. Our study indicates that the (TTAGG)n sequence has been repeatedly or completely lost in more than half of the tested beetle superfamilies. Although the exact telomeric motif in most of the (TTAGG)n-negative beetles is unknown, we found that the (TTAGG)n sequence has been replaced by two alternative telomeric motifs, the (TCAGG)n and (TTAGGG)n, in at least three superfamilies of Coleoptera. The diversity of the telomeric motifs was positively related to the species richness of taxa, regardless of the age of the taxa. The presence/absence of the (TTAGG)n sequence highly varied within the Curculionoidea, Chrysomeloidea, and Staphylinoidea, which are the three most diverse superfamilies within Metazoa. Our data supports the hypothesis that telomere dysfunctions can initiate rapid genomic changes that lead to reproductive isolation and speciation.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Instability at Fragile Sites in Blue Foxes, Silver Foxes, and Their Interspecific Hybrids

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Marta Kuchta-Gładysz ◽  
Ewa Wójcik ◽  
Anna Grzesiakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Olga Szeleszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks ◽  
Blue Fox ◽  
Chromosomal Fragile Sites ◽  
Karyotypic Variation

A cytogenetic assay based on fragile sites (FS) enables the identification of breaks, chromatid gaps, and deletions. In healthy individuals, the number of these instabilities remains low. Genome stability in these species is affected by Robertsonian translocations in the karyotype of the blue fox and by B chromosomes in the silver fox. The aims of the study were to characterise the karyotype of blue foxes, silver foxes, and their hybrids and to identify chromosomal fragile sites used to evaluate genome stability. The diploid number of A chromosomes in blue foxes ranged from 48 to 50, while the number of B chromosomes in silver foxes varied from one to four, with a constant number of A chromosomes (2n = 34). In interspecific hybrids, both types of karyotypic variation were identified, with the diploid number of A chromosomes ranging from 40 to 44 and the number of B chromosomes varying from 0 to 3. The mean frequency of FS in foxes was 4.06 ± 0.19: 4.61 ± 0.37 in blue foxes, 3.46 ± 0.28 in silver foxes, and 4.12 ± 0.22 in hybrids. A relationship was identified between an increased number of A chromosomes in the karyotype of the hybrids and the frequency of chromosomal breaks. The FS assay was used as a biomarker for the evaluation of genomic stability in the animals in the study.

Research Progress in the Typical Structure of Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 419-422
Author(s):  
Gui Lin Liu ◽  
Yan Ping Ding ◽  
Yan Ling Wu ◽  
Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Special Sequence ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Small Molecule Ligands

Telomeric DNA of human chromosomes plays a significant role in physiological processes such as cell cycle, aging, cancer and genetic stability due to its special sequence and structure. The research on small molecule ligands targeting G-quadruplex formed by such special sequence has attracted considerable attention, and has achieved great breakthrough. In this paper, we summarize the DNA sequences and structures of three kinds of typical human telomeric G-quadruplex, providing an important reference for further research.

scholarly journals A Genomic Distance Based on MUM Indicates Discontinuity between Most Bacterial Species and Genera

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Deloger ◽  
Meriem El Karoui ◽  
Marie-Agnès Petit
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Genomic Distance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intraspecies Diversity ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT The fundamental unit of biological diversity is the species. However, a remarkable extent of intraspecies diversity in bacteria was discovered by genome sequencing, and it reveals the need to develop clear criteria to group strains within a species. Two main types of analyses used to quantify intraspecies variation at the genome level are the average nucleotide identity (ANI), which detects the DNA conservation of the core genome, and the DNA content, which calculates the proportion of DNA shared by two genomes. Both estimates are based on BLAST alignments for the definition of DNA sequences common to the genome pair. Interestingly, however, results using these methods on intraspecies pairs are not well correlated. This prompted us to develop a genomic-distance index taking into account both criteria of diversity, which are based on DNA maximal unique matches (MUM) shared by two genomes. The values, called MUMi, for MUM index, correlate better with the ANI than with the DNA content. Moreover, the MUMi groups strains in a way that is congruent with routinely used multilocus sequence-typing trees, as well as with ANI-based trees. We used the MUMi to determine the relatedness of all available genome pairs at the species and genus levels. Our analysis reveals a certain consistency in the current notion of bacterial species, in that the bulk of intraspecies and intragenus values are clearly separable. It also confirms that some species are much more diverse than most. As the MUMi is fast to calculate, it offers the possibility of measuring genome distances on the whole database of available genomes.

scholarly journals Mange Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) in Wild Raccoon Dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides, in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

2001 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru TAKAHASHI ◽  
Sadao NOGAMI ◽  
Hitoko MISUMI ◽  
Soichi MARUYAMA ◽  
Takashi SHIIBASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Kanagawa Prefecture ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

scholarly journals Anomalous teeth of the raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes Procyonoides Viverrinus T.). Shape, position and occlusion.

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-480
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Harada ◽  
Kazuhisa Ogawa ◽  
Shinichiro Mori ◽  
Shigeru Kobayashi ◽  
Shinya Nagamoto
Keyword(s):  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dogs
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