The bovine genes for phosphoglycerate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-galactosidase, and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase are linked to the X chromosome in cattle-mouse cell hybrids

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shimizu ◽  
Y. Shimizu ◽  
I. Kondo ◽  
C. Woods ◽  
T. Wegner
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Cell Hybrids ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Chromatin loop structure of the human X chromosome: relevance to X inactivation and CpG clusters

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2322-2331
Author(s):  
A H Beggs ◽  
B R Migeon
Keyword(s):  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Chromatin Loop ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Part of the higher-order structure of chromatin is achieved by constraining DNA in loops ranging in size from 30 to 100 kilobase pairs; these loops have been implicated in defining functional domains and replicons and possibly in facilitating transcription. Because the human active and inactive X chromosomes differ in transcriptional activity and replication, we looked for differences in their chromatin loop structures. Since the islands of CpG-rich DNA at the 5' ends of X-linked housekeeping genes are the regions where functional differences in DNA methylation and nuclease sensitivity are found, we looked for scaffold association of these sequences after extraction of histones with lithium diiodosalicylate. Specifically, we examined the 5' CpG islands within the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, P3, GdX, phosphoglycerate kinase type 1, and alpha-galactosidase loci in human lymphoblasts obtained from individuals with 1 to 4 X chromosomes. Although we detected no scaffold-associated regions near these genes, we found several such regions at the ornithine transcarbamylase and blood clotting factor IX loci. Our results suggest that the CpG islands are excluded from the nuclear scaffold and that even though transcriptionally active, housekeeping genes are less likely than X-linked tissue-specific genes to be scaffold associated. In all cases, the pattern of scaffold association was the same for loci on active and inactive X chromosomes.

Marsupial-mouse cell hybrids containing fragments of the marsupial X chromosome

1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Marshall Graves ◽  
Guat Kin Chew ◽  
D. W. Cooper ◽  
P. G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Cell Hybrids

scholarly journals Chromatin loop structure of the human X chromosome: relevance to X inactivation and CpG clusters.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2322-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Beggs ◽  
B R Migeon
Keyword(s):  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Chromatin Loop ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Part of the higher-order structure of chromatin is achieved by constraining DNA in loops ranging in size from 30 to 100 kilobase pairs; these loops have been implicated in defining functional domains and replicons and possibly in facilitating transcription. Because the human active and inactive X chromosomes differ in transcriptional activity and replication, we looked for differences in their chromatin loop structures. Since the islands of CpG-rich DNA at the 5' ends of X-linked housekeeping genes are the regions where functional differences in DNA methylation and nuclease sensitivity are found, we looked for scaffold association of these sequences after extraction of histones with lithium diiodosalicylate. Specifically, we examined the 5' CpG islands within the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, P3, GdX, phosphoglycerate kinase type 1, and alpha-galactosidase loci in human lymphoblasts obtained from individuals with 1 to 4 X chromosomes. Although we detected no scaffold-associated regions near these genes, we found several such regions at the ornithine transcarbamylase and blood clotting factor IX loci. Our results suggest that the CpG islands are excluded from the nuclear scaffold and that even though transcriptionally active, housekeeping genes are less likely than X-linked tissue-specific genes to be scaffold associated. In all cases, the pattern of scaffold association was the same for loci on active and inactive X chromosomes.

Further data on the cytologic mapping of the human X chromosome with man-mouse cell hybrids

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Seravalli ◽  
P. DeBona ◽  
M. Velivasakis ◽  
I. Pagan-Charry ◽  
A. Hershberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Cell Hybrids

scholarly journals Gene Mapping in Marsupials and Monotremes, V. Synteny between Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase and Phosphoglycerate Kinase in the Platypus

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M Watson ◽  
Jennifer A MarshalI Graves
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Chromosomal Assignment ◽  
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Syntenic Group ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cells ◽  
Synteny Group

In order to extend comparative mapping studies to the monotreme mammals (subclass Prototheria), somaticcell hybrids were obtained between Chinese-hamster cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and platypus fibroblasts. The characteristics of these hybrids closely resemble those of metatherian x eutherian hybrids, in that they are recovered at low frequency and they rapidly segregate and fragment platypus chromosomes. Biochemical and cytological studies of the hybrids, their subclones and HPRT-deficient revertants indicate that phosphoglycerate kinase is syntenic with HPRT in the platypus (as it is in other mammals); however, the studies do not permit chromosomal assignment of the syntenic group. The implications of the chromosomal location of this ancient synteny group for the evolution of the mammalian X chromosome are discussed.

Random X-chromosome inactivation in female primordial germ cells in the mouse

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Andy McMahon ◽  
Mandy Fosten ◽  
Marilyn Monk
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
X Chromosomes

The pattern of expression of the two X chromosomes was investigated in pre-meiotic germ cells from 12½-day-old female embryos heterozygous for the variant electrophoretic forms of the X-linked enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1). If such germ cells carry the preferentially active Searle's translocated X chromosome (Lyon, Searle, Ford & Ohno, 1964), then only the Pgk-1 allele on this chromosome is expressed. This confirms Johnston's evidence (1979,1981) that Pgk-1 expression reflects a single active X chromosome at this time. Extracts of 12½-day germ cells from heterozygous females carrying two normal X chromosomes show both the A and the B forms of PGK; since only one X chromosome in each cell is active, different alleles must be expressed in different cells, suggesting that X-chromosome inactivation is normally random in the germ line. This result makes it unlikely that germ cells are derived from the yolk-sac endoderm where the paternally derived X chromosome is preferentially inactivated. In their pattern of X-chromosome inactivation, germ cells evidently resemble other tissues derived from the epiblast.

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