Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Differentially Regulates Anterior and Intermediate Pituitary Lobe Proopiomelanocortin Gene Transcription, Nuclear Precursor RNA and Mature mRNA in vivo

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Autelitano ◽  
Mariann Blum ◽  
Maria Lopingco ◽  
Richard G. Allen ◽  
James L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Mature Mrna ◽  
Precursor Rna ◽  
Intermediate Pituitary Lobe

scholarly journals Further evidence that the rna2 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affects mRNA processing.

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bromley ◽  
L Hereford ◽  
M Rosbash
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Mrna Processing ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nonpermissive Temperature ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mature Mrna ◽  
Precursor Rna

The relative rate at which ribosomal protein 51 (rp51) mRNA is synthesized was measured by pulse-labeling cells in vivo with [3H]adenine. Two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared: A364A (wild type) and ts368 (rna2), a temperature-sensitive strain in which the level of rp51 mRNA decreases and an intron-containing rp51 precursor RNA increases. When cells were shifted up to the nonpermissive temperature (36 degrees C), the rate of rp51 RNA synthesis was only marginally affected (75% of wild type) by the presence of the rna2 mutation. The precursor RNA was the predominant transcription product at 36 degrees C. This precursor could be converted into RNA equal in size to mature mRNA by further incubation at either 36 or 23 degrees C in the presence of unlabeled adenine. The relative half-life of the rp51 transcripts at 36 degrees C also decreased approximately twofold in ts368 as compared with A364A. All of these data imply that the precursor (intron-containing) RNA is processed inefficiently to mature mRNA and that the rp51 precursor RNA is continuously synthesized and degraded in the mutant strain at 36 degrees C.

Further evidence that the rna2 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affects mRNA processing

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211
Author(s):  
S Bromley ◽  
L Hereford ◽  
M Rosbash
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Mrna Processing ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nonpermissive Temperature ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mature Mrna ◽  
Precursor Rna

The relative rate at which ribosomal protein 51 (rp51) mRNA is synthesized was measured by pulse-labeling cells in vivo with [3H]adenine. Two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared: A364A (wild type) and ts368 (rna2), a temperature-sensitive strain in which the level of rp51 mRNA decreases and an intron-containing rp51 precursor RNA increases. When cells were shifted up to the nonpermissive temperature (36 degrees C), the rate of rp51 RNA synthesis was only marginally affected (75% of wild type) by the presence of the rna2 mutation. The precursor RNA was the predominant transcription product at 36 degrees C. This precursor could be converted into RNA equal in size to mature mRNA by further incubation at either 36 or 23 degrees C in the presence of unlabeled adenine. The relative half-life of the rp51 transcripts at 36 degrees C also decreased approximately twofold in ts368 as compared with A364A. All of these data imply that the precursor (intron-containing) RNA is processed inefficiently to mature mRNA and that the rp51 precursor RNA is continuously synthesized and degraded in the mutant strain at 36 degrees C.

Q-mediated late gene transcription of bacteriophage λ: RNA start point and RNase III processing sites in vivo

Virology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
D DANIELS ◽  
M SUBBARAO ◽  
F BLATTNER ◽  
H LOZERON
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Late Gene ◽  
Bacteriophage Λ ◽  
Rnase Iii

Increased ACTH response to corticotropin-releasing factor in cold-adapted rats in vivo

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. E336-E339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uehara ◽  
Y. Habara ◽  
A. Kuroshima ◽  
C. Sekiya ◽  
Y. Takasugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Repeated Restraint Stress ◽  
Cross Adaptation ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Increased Activity

We have recently reported that chronically repeated restraint stress results in improved cold tolerance in rats via an increased activity of nonshivering thermogenesis, a characteristic metabolic change observed during cold adaptation, suggesting the presence of cross-adaptation between cold and stress. It is well established that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated in various stress responses. In the present study, therefore, we examined whether cold adaptation would alter the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-releasing state in vivo using freely moving, conscious rats chronically implanted with intra-atrial cannulas. There was no difference in the basal levels of plasma ACTH between warm control and cold-adapted rats. On the other hand, the ACTH response to the intravenous administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; 2 micrograms/animal) was significantly elevated in cold-adapted rats. However, the injection of 10 micrograms of CRF, which was considered as a dose to elicit the maximal ACTH response, resulted in similar ACTH release patterns between the two groups. These changes in the responsiveness of ACTH secretion have been observed in rats chronically exposed to stressful conditions. The results demonstrated in the present study, therefore, provide further evidence for our hypothesis that there may exist cross-adaptation between cold and nonthermal stress.

scholarly journals Circadian Enhancers Coordinate Multiple Phases of Rhythmic Gene Transcription In Vivo

Cell ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 1140-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Fang ◽  
Logan J. Everett ◽  
Jennifer Jager ◽  
Erika Briggs ◽  
Sean M. Armour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Rhythmic Gene

scholarly journals CHOP Enhancement of Gene Transcription by Interactions with Jun/Fos AP-1 Complex Proteins

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7589-7599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Ubeda ◽  
Mario Vallejo ◽  
Joel F. Habener
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dimerization Domain ◽  
Mobility Shift

ABSTRACT The transcription factor CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein 10) is a bZIP protein induced by a variety of stimuli that evoke cellular stress responses and has been shown to arrest cell growth and to promote programmed cell death. CHOP cannot form homodimers but forms stable heterodimers with the C/EBP family of activating transcription factors. Although initially characterized as a dominant negative inhibitor of C/EBPs in the activation of gene transcription, CHOP-C/EBP can activate certain target genes. Here we show that CHOP interacts with members of the immediate-early response, growth-promoting AP-1 transcription factor family, JunD, c-Jun, and c-Fos, to activate promoter elements in the somatostatin, JunD, and collagenase genes. The leucine zipper dimerization domain is required for interactions with AP-1 proteins and transactivation of transcription. Analyses by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and by an in vivo mammalian two-hybrid system for protein-protein interactions indicate that CHOP interacts with AP-1 proteins inside cells and suggest that it is recruited to the AP-1 complex by a tethering mechanism rather than by direct binding of DNA. Thus, CHOP not only is a negative or a positive regulator of C/EBP target genes but also, when tethered to AP-1 factors, can activate AP-1 target genes. These findings establish the existence of a new mechanism by which CHOP regulates gene expression when cells are exposed to cellular stress.

Regulation of glucose transporter GLUT-4 and hexokinase II gene transcription by insulin and epinephrine

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. E682-E687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared P. Jones ◽  
G. Lynis Dohm
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hexokinase Ii ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

Transport of glucose across the plasma membrane by GLUT-4 and subsequent phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase II (HKII) constitute the first two steps of glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. This study was undertaken to determine whether epinephrine and/or insulin regulates in vivo GLUT-4 and HKII gene transcription in rat skeletal muscle. In the first experiment, adrenodemedullated male rats were fasted 24 h and killed in the control condition or after being infused for 1.5 h with epinephrine (30 μg/ml at 1.68 ml/h). In the second experiment, male rats were fasted 24 h and killed after being infused for 2.5 h at 1.68 ml/h with saline or glucose (625 mg/ml) or insulin (39.9 μg/ml) plus glucose (625 mg/ml). Nuclei were isolated from pooled quadriceps, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles. Transcriptional run-on analysis indicated that epinephrine infusion decreased GLUT-4 and increased HKII transcription compared with fasted controls. Both glucose and insulin plus glucose infusion induced increases in GLUT-4 and HKII transcription of twofold and three- to fourfold, respectively, compared with saline-infused rats. In conclusion, epinephrine and insulin may regulate GLUT-4 and HKII genes at the level of transcription in rat skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Mast cell-specific receptor/corticotropin-releasing factor axis regulates alcohol withdrawal-associated headache

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonwi Son ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
John Shannonhouse ◽  
Hirotake Ishida ◽  
Ruben Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Specific Receptor ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Deficient Mice

Rehabilitation from alcohol addiction or abuse is challenging due to alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Headache is a severe alcohol withdrawal symptom that frequently contributes to rehabilitation failure. Despite the need for treating alcohol withdrawal-induced headache, there is no appropriate therapeutic option available. Development of improved therapeutics will depend on obtaining a clearer understanding of alcohol withdrawal-induced headache pain mechanisms. Here, we show that the mast cell-specific receptor MrgprB2 controls development of alcohol withdrawal-induced headache. Withdrawing alcohol from alcohol-acclimated mice induces strong headache behaviors, including facial allodynia, facial pain expressions, and reduced walking movement, symptoms often observed in humans suffering from headache. Observed pain behaviors were abolished in MrgprB2-deficient mice. We observed in vivo spontaneous activation and hypersensitization of trigeminal ganglia neurons in alcohol withdrawal mice, but not in MrgprB2-deficient mice. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was increased in dura mater after alcohol withdrawal. Injection of CRF into dura mater resulted in activation of trigeminal ganglia neurons and vasodilation, which was accompanied by headache behavior. In cells, CRF evoked Ca2+ transients via MrgprB2 or human MrgprX2. The results indicate that alcohol withdrawal causes headache via mast cell degranulation in dura mater. The process is under control of MrgprB2/MrgprX2, which would appear to represent a potential target for treating alcohol withdrawal-related headache.

scholarly journals Microarray Analysis of Host Cell Gene Transcription in Response to Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Human T Cells and Fibroblasts In Vitro and SCIDhu Skin Xenografts In Vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 1268-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy O. Jones ◽  
Ann M. Arvin
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Gene ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Human T Cells

ABSTRACT During primary infection, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is spread via lymphocytes to skin, where it induces a rash and establishes latency in sensory ganglia. A live, attenuated varicella vaccine (vOka) was generated by using the VZV Oka strain (pOka), but the molecular basis for vOka attenuation remains unknown. Little is known concerning the effects of wild-type or attenuated VZV on cellular gene regulation in the host cells that are critical for pathogenesis. In this study, transcriptional profiles of primary human T cells and fibroblasts infected with VZV in cell culture were determined by using 40,000-spot human cDNA microarrays. Cellular gene transcription in human skin xenografts in SCID mice that were infected with VZV in vivo was also evaluated. The profiles of cellular gene transcripts that were induced or inhibited in infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), T cells, and skin in response to pOka and vOka infection were similar. However, significant alterations in cellular gene regulation were observed among the three differentiated human cell types that were examined, suggesting specific differences in the biological consequences of VZV infection related to the target cell. Changes in cellular gene transcription detected by microarray analysis were confirmed for selected genes by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of VZV-infected cells. Interestingly, the transcription of caspase 8 was found to be decreased in infected T cells but not in HFFs or skin, which may signify a tissue-specific antiapoptosis mechanism. The use of microarrays to demonstrate differences in effects on host cell genes in primary, biologically relevant cell types provides background information for experiments to link these various response phenotypes with mechanisms of VZV pathogenesis that are important for the natural course of human infection.

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