N-Terminal Acetylation of Melanophore-Stimulating Hormone in the Pars intermedia of Xenopus laevis Is a Physiologically Regulated Process

1987 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade ◽  
Bruce G. Jenks ◽  
Rob J.M. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Melanophore Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

EFFECT OF NEMBUTAL AND NIALAMIDE ON THE PARS INTERMEDIA AND SKIN COLOUR CHANGES IN RANA CYANOPHLYCTIS SCHNEIDER

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Gopal Dutt ◽  
M. R. Rajasekharasetty
Keyword(s):  
Skin Colour ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Melanophore Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT The administration of pentobarbital sodium (nembutal) at low concentration causes darkening of the skin. However, at higher dose or after prolonged treatment a moderate blanching of the skin is noticed. Nialamide also produces a moderate blanching effect. Both these drugs considerably increase the number of colloid vesicles in the pars intermedia of the frog, Rana cyanophlyctis. These drugs, however, do not reverse the darkening of the skin due to ACTH in hypophysectomized frogs. Histochemical analysis suggests that the colloid vesicles may represent stored melanophore-stimulating hormone.

SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF A LARGE GLYCOPROTEIN IN THE PARS INTERMEDIA

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. HOPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Leucine Residue ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The biosynthesis, intracellular transport and release of [3H]leucine-containing secretory product has been followed in the pars intermedia of Xenopus laevis and, in particular, the synthesis and secretion of a large molecular weight glycoprotein secretory product was demonstrated. However, if Xenopus adrenocorticotrophin does contain a leucine residue the results obtained provided no support for the view that it serves as a precursor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone in this species.

MELANOPHORE-STIMULATING HORMONE-MELATONIN ANTAGONISM IN RELATION TO COLOUR CHANGE IN XENOPUS LAEVIS

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAY DIERST-DAVIES ◽  
F. W. LANDGREBE ◽  
G. M. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
Melanophore Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY Experiments on colour change of Xenopus laevis were performed to investigate the possibility that melatonin is the physiological antagonist to melanophore-stimulating hormone (MSH). Various amounts of substandard (SS) extract of ox posterior pituitary plus melatonin were injected into the dorsal lymph sac of adult male Xenopus laevis. Normal light-adapted, completely hypophysectomized, and anterior lobectomized animals were used. Dose—response curves were obtained for different SS dosages over a wide range of melatonin concentrations. Melatonin at very low concentrations inhibited the darkening reaction to both injected SS and endogenous MSH. In all cases more melatonin was required to inhibit the effect of SS in hypophysectomized than in normal animals. The results indicate that melatonin may be a physiological MSH antagonist in Xenopus laevis and the pituitary either contains some lightening factor itself ( Hogben's 'W' substance?) or has control over another organ (pineal gland?) where a lightening factor may be present. The unusual linear-logarithmic dose—response curves are discussed.

scholarly journals In situ hybridization analysis of anterior pituitary hormone gene expression during fetal mouse development.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1117-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Japón ◽  
M Rubinstein ◽  
M J Low
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Beta Subunit ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

We used 35S-labeled oligonucleotides and cRNAs (riboprobes) to detect the temporal order and spatial pattern of anterior pituitary hormone gene expression in (B6CBF1 x B6CBF1)F2 fetal mice from embryonic Day 9.5 (E9.5) to postnatal Day 1 (P1). Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA was expressed in the basal diencephalon on Day E10.5, in the ventromedial zone of the pars distalis on Day E12.5, and in the pars intermedia on Day E14.5. The common alpha-glycoprotein subunit (alpha-GSU) mRNA first appeared in the anterior wall of Rathke's pouch on Day E11.5 and extended to the pars tuberalis and ventromedial zone of the pars distalis on Day E12.5. Thyroid-stimulating hormone-beta (TSH beta) subunit mRNA was expressed initially in both the pas tuberalis and ventromedial pars distalis on Day E14.5, with an identical spatial distribution to alpha-GSU at the time. In contrast, luteinizing hormone-beta (LH beta) subunit and follicle-stimulating hormone beta (FSH beta) subunit mRNAs were detected initially only in the ventromedial pars distalis on Days E16.5 and E17.5, respectively, in an identical distribution to each other. POMC-, alpha-GSU-, TSH beta, LH beta-, and FSH beta-positive cells within the pars distalis all increased in number and autoradiographic signal with differing degrees of spatial expansion posteriorly, laterally, and dorsally up to Day P1. POMC expression was typically the most intense and extended circumferentially to include the entire lateral and dorsal surfaces of the pars distalis. The expression of both growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) started coincidentally on Day E15.5. However PRL cells localized in the ventromedial area similarly to POMC and the glycoprotein hormone subunits, whereas GH cells were found initially in a more lateral and central distribution within the lobes of the pars distalis. Somatotrophs increased dramatically in number and autoradiographic signal, extending throughout the pars distalis except for the most peripheral layer of cells on Day E17.5. Mammotrophs also increased in number but less abundantly than somatotrophs, and PRL expression remained more confined to central-medial and ventrolateral areas of the pars distalis up to Day P1. These data demonstrate distinctive patterns of expression for each of the major anterior pituitary hormone genes during development of the mouse pituitary gland and suggest that different groups of committed cells are the immediate precursors to the terminally differentiated hormone-secreting cell types.

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