Vasopressin Coexists in Half of the Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Axons Present in the External Zone of the Median Eminence in Normal Rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Whitnall ◽  
Derek Smyth ◽  
Harold Gainer
Keyword(s):  
Median Eminence ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
External Zone

scholarly journals Acute hypoxia activates neuroendocrine, but not presympathetic, neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: differential role of nitric oxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (6) ◽  
pp. R982-R995 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Max Coldren ◽  
De-Pei Li ◽  
David D. Kline ◽  
Eileen M. Hasser ◽  
Cheryl M. Heesch
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
External Zone ◽  
Cell Phenotypes

Hypoxia results in decreased arterial Po2, arterial chemoreflex activation, and compensatory increases in breathing, sympathetic outflow, and neuroendocrine secretions, including increased secretion of AVP, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone. In addition to a brain stem pathway, including the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), medullary pathways to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contribute to chemoreflex responses. Experiments evaluated activation of specific cell phenotypes within the PVN following an acute hypoxic stimulus (AH; 2 h, 10% O2) in conscious rats. Retrograde tracers (from spinal cord and RVLM) labeled presympathetic (PreS) neurons, and immunohistochemistry identified AVP- and CRH-immunoreactive (IR) cells. c-Fos-IR was an index of neuronal activation. Hypoxia activated AVP-IR (~6%) and CRH-IR (~15%) cells, but not PreS cells in the PVN, suggesting that sympathoexcitation during moderate AH is mediated mainly by a pathway that does not include PreS neurons in the PVN. Approximately 14 to 17% of all PVN cell phenotypes examined expressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS-IR). AH activated only nNOS-negative AVP-IR neurons. In contrast ~23% of activated CRH-IR neurons in the PVN contained nNOS. In the median eminence, CRH-IR terminals were closely opposed to tanycyte processes and end-feet (vimentin-IR) in the external zone, where vascular NO participates in tanycyte retraction to facilitate neuropeptide secretion into the pituitary portal circulation. Results are consistent with an inhibitory role of NO on AVP and PreS neurons in the PVN and an excitatory role of NO on CRH secretion in the PVN and median eminence.

Effect of Dexamethasone on Immunoreactive Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Rat Median Eminence and Intermediate-Posterior Pituitary*

Endocrinology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIHIRO SUDA ◽  
NAOKI TOMORI ◽  
FUMIKO TOZAWA ◽  
TORAICHI MOURI ◽  
HIROSHI DEMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Eminence ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Posterior Pituitary

Evidence for basal and stress-induced release of corticotropin releasing factor in the push-pull cannulated median eminence of conscious free-moving rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ixart ◽  
G. Barbanel ◽  
B. Conte-Devolx ◽  
M. Grino ◽  
C. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Eminence ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor

Many Peptides that Are Present in the External Zone of the Median Eminence Are Not Secreted into the Hypophysial Portal Blood of Sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Clarke ◽  
David Jessop ◽  
Robert Millar ◽  
Margaret Morris ◽  
Steven Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Eminence ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
External Zone ◽  
Hypophysial Portal
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