Effect of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and GABA Antagonist Drugs on ACTH Release

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 178-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Makara ◽  
E. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Antagonist ◽  
Acth Release

Nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus GABA projection subserving ambulatory activity

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. R65-R69 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jones ◽  
G. J. Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Ambulatory Activity ◽  
Gaba Antagonist ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present experiments investigated the hypothesis of a projection relating to the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the nucleus accumbens to the globus pallidus subserving ambulatory activity in the rat. The GABA antagonist picrotoxin, microinjected into the globus pallidus, elicited dose-dependent increases in ambulatory activity. The administration of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens had a synergistic effect and further stimulated ambulatory activity. GABA injected into the ventral posterior globus pallidus significantly attenuated the ambulatory activity stimulated by injecting dopamine into the nucleus accumbens. These observations provide evidence of a GABAergic projection from the nucleus accumbens to the globus pallidus and implicate it in the initiation of ambulatory activity.

GABA antagonism reverses hypoxic respiratory depression in the cat

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1296-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Melton ◽  
J. A. Neubauer ◽  
N. H. Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Respiratory Neurons ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Antagonist

We assessed the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a potential causative agent of hypoxic respiratory depression by monitoring the response of the phrenic neurogram to systemic infusion of the GABA antagonist bicuculline (0.01 mg.kg-1.min-1) under control conditions and during isocapnic brain hypoxia produced by CO inhalation in separate groups of anesthetized, glomectomized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats with blood pressure held constant. The maximum effect of bicuculline in subseizure doses in control cats was to increase minute phrenic activity to 151 +/- 14% of preinfusion values. Infusion was continued until seizure activity was seen in the electroencephalogram. A 53% decrease of arterial O2 content resulted in a marked reduction of both peak phrenic amplitude and phrenic firing frequency to 16 and 64% of control values, respectively. Infusion of bicuculline while the level of hypoxia was maintained constant restored both peak phrenic amplitude and phrenic firing frequency to prehypoxic levels. The maximum effect of bicuculline was to increase minute phrenic activity to 123 +/- 13% of the prehypoxic value. These results suggest that although GABA has only a modest role in determining the output of the control phrenic neurogram, a significant portion of the phrenic depression that occurs during hypoxia can be attributed to inhibition of respiratory neurons by GABA.

Effects of intraventricular injections of gamma-aminobutyric acid and related substances on feeding behavior in satiated sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1296-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
F. Dumont ◽  
C. L. Girard ◽  
L. Bédard ◽  
J. J. Matte
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Agonist ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Intraventricular Injections ◽  
Gaba Antagonist

Feed intake was measured following injections of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), muscimol (a GABA agonist), and picrotoxin (a GABA antagonist) into the lateral ventricles of satiated sheep. Doses ranging from 0.20 to 3200 nmol of GABA did not affect feeding behavior at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min postinjection. A dose of 160 nmol of muscimol induced a marked increase in feeding, comparable to that provoked by an injection of 78 μmol of pentobarbital. Muscimol-induced feeding was blocked effectively by a preinjection of picrotoxin. These observations implicate that neurons sensitive to gamma-aminobutyric acid may be involved in the control of feeding behavior in ruminants.

Purification of Antihemophilic Factor (Factor VIII) by Amino Acid Precipitation*

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 064-074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H Wagner ◽  
William D McLester ◽  
Marion Smith ◽  
K. M Brinkhous
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor

Summary1. The use of several amino acids, glycine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, alanine, beta-alanine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, as plasma protein precipitants is described.2. A specific procedure is detailed for the preparation of canine antihemophilic factor (AHF, Factor VIII) in which glycine, beta-alanine, and gammaaminobutyric acid serve as the protein precipitants.3. Preliminary results are reported for the precipitation of bovine and human AHF with amino acids.

A Simple Method for Preparing Fibrinogen

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Straughn ◽  
R. H Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Barium Sulfate ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Marked Stability

SummaryA simple new procedure is reported for the isolation of canine, bovine, porcine, and human fibrinogen. Two molar β-alanine is used to precipitate fibrinogen from barium sulfate adsorbed plasma. The procedure is characterized by dependability and high yields. The material is 95% to 98% clottable protein but still contains impurities such as plasminogen and fibrin-stabilizing factor. Plasminogen may be removed by adsorption with charcoal. The fibrinogen preparations exhibit marked stability to freezing, lyophilization, and dialysis. Epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid which were also studied have the property of precipitating proteins from plasma but lack the specificity for fibrinogen found with β-alanine.

Understanding Schizophrenia: Genetic Causes and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Fatima Javeria ◽  
Shazma Altaf ◽  
Alishah Zair ◽  
Rana Khalid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Mental Disease

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease. The word schizophrenia literally means split mind. There are three major categories of symptoms which include positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. The disease is characterized by symptoms of hallucination, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech. Schizophrenia is related to many other mental and psychological problems like suicide, depression, hallucinations. Including these, it is also a problem for the patient’s family and the caregiver. There is no clear reason for the disease, but with the advances in molecular genetics; certain epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Epigenetic mechanisms that are mainly involved are the DNA methylation, copy number variants. With the advent of GWAS, a wide range of SNPs is found linked with the etiology of schizophrenia. These SNPs serve as ‘hubs’; because these all are integrating with each other in causing of schizophrenia risk. Until recently, there is no treatment available to cure the disease; but anti-psychotics can reduce the disease risk by minimizing its symptoms. Dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, are the neurotransmitters which serve as drug targets in the treatment of schizophrenia. Due to the involvement of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, drugs available are already targeting certain genes involved in the etiology of the disease.

High concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid in pancreatic beta cells

Diabetes ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Taniguchi ◽  
Y. Okada ◽  
H. Seguchi ◽  
C. Shimada ◽  
M. Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
High Concentration
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