Effects of Vaginal Stimulation and Luteinizing Hormone on Hypothalamic Single Units in the Freely Moving Rabbit

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dufy ◽  
J.D. Vincent ◽  
C. Bensch ◽  
J.M.A. Faure
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Vaginal Stimulation

Spatial-specificity of single-units in the hippocampal formation of freely moving homing pigeons

Hippocampus ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Siegel ◽  
Douglas Nitz ◽  
Verner P. Bingman
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Homing Pigeons ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Spatial Specificity

HORMONAL MODULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC UNIT ACTIVITY AND EEG RESPONSE TO VAGINAL STIMULATION IN THE DEERMOUSE

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. ZOLOVICK ◽  
B. E. ELEFTHERIOU
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Short Loop ◽  
Hormonal Modulation ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Vaginal Stimulation

SUMMARY The EEG after-reaction to vaginal stimulation occurred during oestrus and was inhibited during dioestrus or abolished by pregnancy or ovariectomy. Hypothalami of oestrous animals were more responsive to vaginal stimulation than the hypothalami of dioestrous or pregnant animals. The increase in the number of responsive neurones in oestrous animals was attributed to an increase in the number of neurones that exhibited a delayed decline in their discharge rate in response to vaginal probing. These neurones were located along the midline in the anterior and basal hypothalamus. Administration of oestrogen to ovariectomized animals was moderately successful in reinstating the delayed inhibitory response of the hypothalamic neurones to vaginal stimulation while the EEG response was almost completely restored. The importance of this hypothalamic activity is discussed in relation to the luteinizing hormone short loop feedback mechanism and the EEG after-reaction.

Multiple single units and population responses during inhibitory gating of hippocampal auditory response in freely-moving rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 825 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A Moxon ◽  
Greg A Gerhardt ◽  
Paula C Bickford ◽  
Kevin Austin ◽  
Gregory M Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Units ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
Freely Moving

Effects of vaginal stimulation on hypothalamic single units in unanesthetized rabbits

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1266-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Vincent ◽  
B. Dufy ◽  
J. M. A. Faure
Keyword(s):  
Single Units ◽  
Vaginal Stimulation

scholarly journals Aetiology of disturbed milk ejection in parturient primiparous cows

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier ◽  
Dieter Schams ◽  
Jürg W. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Basal Concentration ◽  
Vaginal Stimulation

SummaryMilk flow in nine primiparous cows with disturbed milk ejection (D) and in six corresponding control animals (C) with normal milk removal was recorded during machine milking and blood samples were taken before and during milking to determine plasma oxytocin, vasopressin. prolactin, cortisol, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone, progesterone and β-endorphin concentrations. Manual teat stimulation before milking lasted for 1 min. After milk flow had stopped, air was blown into the vagina for 2 min. When milk flow had stopped again, 1 i.u. oxytocin and finally 10 i.u. oxytocin were injected to remove residual milk. During and after teat stimulation, oxytocin remained basal in D, but increased in C, whereas prolactin increased in both groups. While 94% of total milk was obtained in C during this period, only 9% could be removed from D, indicating lack of alveolar milk ejection. During vaginal stimulation, oxytocin increased transiently in D and more than by teat stimulation in C. This allowed the removal of 75% of milk in D, whereas almost no more milk was available in C. After oxytocin injections, 3 and 16% of residual milk were obtained in C and D respectively. Basal oestradiol-17β concentration was higher in D than in C (11·6 and 2·0 ng/1 respectively), whereas β-endorphin level was lower (24·1 and 86·6 μg/1 respectively). Basal concentration of luteinizing hormone and progesterone, and concentration of cortisol and vasopressin before and during milking were comparable in C and D. We conclude that in cows with disturbed milk ejection afferent nervous pathways to the hypothalamus were intact, because prolactin was released by teat stimulation. However, oxytocin was only released by vaginal stimulation, i.e. milk ejection was centrally inhibited during teat stimulation.

Effects of 2-buten-4-olide, an endogenous feeding suppressant, on the pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichiro Saito ◽  
Keiji Shitsukawa ◽  
Minoru Irahara ◽  
Toshiya Matsuzaki ◽  
Toshihiro Aono
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Freely Moving

The effects of 2-buten-4-olide (2-B40), an endogenous feeding suppressant, on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) were studied in ovariectomized rats. Intraperitoneal (ip) administration of 2-B40: adult female ovariectomized Wistar rats were given daily ip injections of solution containing 2-B40 at 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg body wt for 14 days. This ip treatment with 2-B40 significantly decreased the mean LH concentration and pulse frequency of LH. Intravenous (iv) administration of 2-B40: a solution of 2-B40 (50 or 100 mg/kg body wt) was slowly injected through an intra-atrium catheter and blood samples were taken every 6 min for 2 h. This iv treatment significantly suppressed the LH pulse frequency but had no significant effect on the LH amplitude or mean LH. Injection of 2-B40 into the third cerebroventricle: the injection of 2-B40 into the third cerebroventricle of freely moving rats decreased the mean LH concentration and the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses. Third cerebroventricle injection of a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist before third cerebroventricle injection of 2-B40: the specific CRF receptor antagonist α-helical-CRF (9–41) was injected into the third cerebroventricle of ovariectomized rats before injection of 2-B40. Administration of 2-B40 into the third cerebroventricle significantly decreased the mean LH, concentration and pulse frequency. Third cerebroventricle injection of the CRF antagonist at 50 μg/rat and then 2-B40 also resulted in significant suppression of the mean LH concentration and pulse frequency. These findings suggest that 2-B40 may suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in ovariectomized rats and that its effect in decreasing LH pulses may not be caused through the CRF pathway.

scholarly journals Automated long-term recording and analysis of neural activity in behaving animals

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashesh K. Dhawale ◽  
Rajesh Poddar ◽  
Evi Kopelowitz ◽  
Valentin Normand ◽  
Steffen B. E. Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
And Behavior

SummaryAddressing how neural circuits underlie behavior is routinely done by measuring electrical activity from single neurons during experimental sessions. While such recordings yield snapshots of neural dynamics during specified tasks, they are ill-suited for tracking single-unit activity over longer timescales relevant for most developmental and learning processes, or for capturing neural dynamics across different behavioral states. Here we describe an automated platform for continuous long-term recordings of neural activity and behavior in freely moving animals. An unsupervised algorithm identifies and tracks the activity of single units over weeks of recording, dramatically simplifying the analysis of large datasets. Months-long recordings from motor cortex and striatum made and analyzed with our system revealed remarkable stability in basic neuronal properties, such as firing rates and inter-spike interval distributions. Interneuronal correlations and the representation of different movements and behaviors were similarly stable. This establishes the feasibility of high-throughput long-term extracellular recordings in behaving animals.HighlightsWe record neural activity and behavior in rodents continuously (24/7) over monthsAn automated spike-sorting method isolates and tracks single units over many weeksNeural dynamics and motor representations are highly stable over long timescalesNeurons cluster into functional groups based on their activity in different stateseTOC BlurbDhawale et al. describe experimental infrastructure for recording neural activity and behavior continuously over months in freely moving rodents. A fully automated spike-sorting algorithm allows single units to be tracked over weeks of recording. Recordings from motor cortex and striatum revealed a remarkable long-term stability in both single unit activity and network dynamics.

Hearing in Mice via GSR Audiometry

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Sensitivity Curve ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Frequency Intensity ◽  
Near Threshold

Hearing in mice has been difficult to measure behaviorally. With GSR as the basic tool, the sensitivity curve to pure tones in mice has been successfully outlined. The most sensitive frequency-intensity combination was 15 000 cps at 0-5 dB re: 0.0002 dyne/cm 2 , with responses noted from 1 000 to beyond 70 000 cps. Some problems of reliability of conditioning were encountered, as well as findings concerning the inverse relationship between the size of GSR to unattenuated tones and the sound pressure necessary to elicit conditioned responses at or near threshold. These data agree well with the sensitivity of single units of the eighth nerve of the mouse.

Hearing in Mice by GSR Audiometry: II. Magnitude of Unconditioned GSR as a Function of Intensity and Frequency Interactions

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Gill ◽  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Subjective Magnitude ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
Viiith Nerve

The unconditioned GSR’s elicited by tones of 60, 70, 80, and 90 dB SPL were largest in the mouse in the ranges around 10,000 Hz. The growth of response magnitude with intensity followed a power law (10 .17 to 10 .22 , depending upon frequency) and suggested that the unconditioned GSR magnitude assessed overall subjective magnitude of tones to the mouse in an orderly fashion. It is suggested that hearing sensitivity as assessed by these means may be closely related to the spectral content of the mouse’s vocalization as well as to the number of critically sensitive single units in the mouse’s VIIIth nerve.

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