Brain Weight-Body Weight Scaling in Breeds of Dogs and Cats

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick T. Bronson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Weight Scaling

Brain-to-body ratios and time of maturation of the mouse brain

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Brain

Studies on the relationships of brain weight to body weight during development were conducted in 218 mice, and revealed three distinct phases. During the first phase, the ratios are relatively constant. The second phase of short duration is characterized by abrupt reductions. In the third phase, which is the most enduring, the ratios again assume more constant values. The abrupt change in the ratios took place around 14 days of age. It is suggested that the abrupt change in the ratio is, in general, an indicator of the maturation of the brain, because there are several other parameters which approach mature levels around the 15th day. A review of the data on other species supports this suggestion.

scholarly journals Effects of pyridoxine deficiency and dl-p-chlorophenylalanine administration to rats on 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline concentrations in brain and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration in blood

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemmige N. Bhagavan ◽  
David B. Coursin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
The Brain

Pyridoxine deficiency in post-weanling rats caused a marked decrease in body weight and a small but significant decrease in brain weight. Although the concentration of circulating 5-hydroxytryptamine was markedly decreased, the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline in the brain were not affected. p-Chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis, decreased the 5-hydroxytryptamine content of brain to very low values in both the deficient and control animals, whereas the noradrenaline contents were not appreciably affected. The concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine in blood, the origin of which is primarily gastrointestinal, was decreased only in the controls but not in the deficient animals after p-chlorophenylalanine treatment. These results suggest that whereas l-tryptophan hydroxylase (EC 1.14.3.2) is rate-limiting in the brain as has been reported by others, the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzyme 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) may be more important in the gastrointestinal tract in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis.

scholarly journals Histological study of the effects of aluminum chloride exposure on the brain of wistar rats female

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-s) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Hadjer Bekhedda ◽  
Norredine Menadi ◽  
Abbassia Demmouche ◽  
Abdelaziz Ghani ◽  
Hicham Mai
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Aluminum (Al) has the potential to be neurotoxic in human and animals, is present everywhere in the environment, many manufactured foods and medicines and is also added to drinking water for purification purposes and tooth paste cosmetic products They accumulate in living organisms and disrupt balances, and accumulate in the body biological systems, causing toxic effects (They may affect the nervous system, kidney, liver, respiratory or other functions). Nervous system is a vulnerable target for toxicants due to critical voltages which must be maintained in the cells and the all responses when voltages reach threshold levels. Objective This study aimed to expose the impact of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on brain architecture. Methods: In our study, twenty healthy female rats were intraperitoneal administered of aluminum chloride (ALCL3) at 10 mg / kg body weight with consecutively for 15 day Result. The results showed a highly significant reduction in body weight (p<0.0001).  This is because aluminum has an anorectic effect contrariwise, there is no significant impact of aluminium exposure has been observed with respect to brain weight and relative brain weight respectively (p<0.912), (p<0.45). The histological study describes the alterations in the brain marked tissue necrosis and cytoplasmic vacuolations and karyopyknosis of neuronal cells of the brain. Conclusion; Aluminum is a toxic heavy metal and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. It can alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain, severely affecting the functioning of the nervous system. Keywords: Toxicity, brain, Aluminium chloride, Rats female, necrosis.

scholarly journals AMELIORATION OF ALUMINUM- AND FLUORIDE-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS THROUGH RESVERATROL IN RATS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Chandra Shakar Reddy Nallagouni ◽  
Nageshwar Mesram ◽  
Pratap Reddy Karnati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Group I ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Group Ii

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of resveratrol against aluminum- and fluoride-altered neurobehavioral activities.Methods: Aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg body weight [bw])+sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg bw), aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg bw) + sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg bw) + resveratrol (30 mg/kg bw), and resveratrol (30 mg/kg bw) alone were given orally to II, III, and IV groups, respectively, and Group-I was served as control for 8 weeks. The bw, brain weight, grip strength, learning ability, and behavioral activities were assayed.Results: The results showed significantly (*p<0.05) altered body and brain weights, learning ability, grip strength, and behavioral activities in Group- II, whereas significant (*p<0.05) reversal was observed in Group-III.Conclusion: Taken together, the above findings conclude that resveratrol ameliorated aluminum and fluoride-altered neurobehavioral activities.

scholarly journals Brain weight predicts yawn duration across domesticated dog breeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
Andrew C Gallup ◽  
Lea Moscatello ◽  
Jorg J M Massen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Body Weight Data ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Weight Data

Abstract Previous research shows that yawning enhances intracranial circulation and regulates brain temperature. Consistent with these functional outcomes, yawn duration correlates positively with interspecies variation in brain weight across mammals, with robust relationships documented at both the taxonomic rank of class and the more restricted scale of family (e.g., Felidae). This study provides the first investigation into whether differences in brain weight within a single species, domesticated dogs Canis lupus familiaris, can predict intraspecific variation in yawn duration. Measures of yawn duration were obtained from public videos available online and then paired with previously published brain and body weight data of different dog breeds. The final sample consisted of 272 yawns from 198 dogs across 23 breeds. Consistent with recent studies, we find robust correlations between yawn duration and brain weight across breeds. Moreover, these correlations remain significant after controlling for differences in body weight across breeds. These findings replicate and extend upon past work in this area and provide further support that yawns evolved to serve an important and large-scale neurophysiologic function.

Microcephaly

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (440) ◽  
pp. 721-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. G. Brandon ◽  
Brian H. Kirman ◽  
Cyril E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Mental Defect

Smallness of the cranium is one of the commonest findings in severe mental defect. Ashby and Stuart (1933 and 1934) found a correlation between brain weight and mental age of +0.15, but they regarded this as part of the more general positive correlation of +0.24 which they observed between body weight and mental age. In discussing this subject elsewhere (Hilliard and Kirman, 1957), Crome and Kirman have taken a more definite stand on this matter in so far as idiocy and imbecility are concerned and regard reduced brain weight, which is so often associated with a small cranium, as one of the major factors in reduced intelligence. Crome (1957) found marked reduction in size to be the commonest abnormality in brains of low-grade defectives.

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