Nonorganic Insomnia in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Bernd Saletu; Gerda Saletu-Zyhlarz; Peter Anderer; Nadja Brandstätter; Richard Frey; Georg Gruber; Gerhard Klösch; Magdalene Mandl; Josef Grünberger; Leopold Linzmayer

doi:10.1159/000119374

FC12-06 - On the relevance of comorbidity in psychiatry: EEG loreta in generalized anxiety disorder with and without nonorganic Insomnia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73585-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1881-1881

Author(s):

G. Saletu-Zyhlarz ◽

P. Anderer ◽

B. Saletu

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Data Sets ◽

Slow Activity ◽

Nonorganic Insomnia ◽

Normal Controls

IntroductionComorbidity is increasingly regarded as important for both diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesElectrophysiological neuroimaging such as low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) may be utilized to obtain insight into the pathogenesis of mental diseases.AimsThe aim of the present study was to compare EEG tomographic data obtained in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with and without nonorganic insomnia.MethodsIn the first study, LORETA was performed in 44 untreated patients (25 females) with the primary diagnosis of nonorganic insomnia (F51.0) associated with GAD (F41.1) and 44 age- and sex-matched normal controls. In the second study, 18 patients (9 females) with the primary diagnosis of GAD without mandatory insomnia were compared with 18 controls.ResultsWhile patients with F51.0 and concomitant F41.1 showed an increase in LORETA power in the delta, theta, alpha-1 and alpha-2 frequencies, GAD patients without mandatory insomnia demonstrated a decrease in LORETA power - specifically in delta (more left than right hemisphere, involving occipital cortex, insula, cingulate and frontal cortex) and beta (occipital cortex), mirroring neuroimaging findings on the neural circuitry of anxiety.ConclusionsDifferent EEG LORETA findings were obtained in GAD patients, depending on the comorbidity: While in daytime recordings patients with nonorganic insomnia demonstrated increased slow activities reflecting daytime tiredness and sleepiness, GAD patients without insomnia exhibited a decrease in slow activity and thus hypervigilance. According to the key-lock principle different pharmacological strategies have to be applied, which will be demonstrated on the basis our own data sets.

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Nonorganic Insomnia in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Neuropsychobiology ◽

10.1159/000119373 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 117-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Gerda Saletu-Zyhlarz ◽

Bernd Saletu ◽

Peter Anderer ◽

Nadja Brandstätter ◽

Richard Frey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Nonorganic Insomnia

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The French Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a Nonclinical Sample

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000158 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Martine Bouvard ◽

Anne Denis ◽

Jean-Luc Roulin

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

French Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor

This article investigates the psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). A group of 704 adolescents completed the questionnaires in their classrooms. This study examines potential confirmatory factor analysis factor models of the RCADS as well as the relationships between the RCADS and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-R). A subsample of 595 adolescents also completed an anxiety questionnaire (Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, FSSC-R) and a depression questionnaire (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CES-D). Confirmatory factor analysis of the RCADS suggests that the 6-factor model reasonably fits the data. All subscales were positively intercorrelated, with rs varying between .48 (generalized anxiety disorder-major depression disorder) and .65 (generalized anxiety disorder-social phobia/obsessive-compulsive disorder). The RCADS total score and all the RCADS scales were found to have good internal consistency (> .70). The correlations between the RCADS subscales and their SCARED-R counterparts are generally substantial. Convergent validity was found with the FSSC-R and the CES-D. The study included normal adolescents aged 10 to 19. Therefore, the findings cannot be extended to children under 10, nor to a clinical population. Altogether, the French version of the RCADS showed reasonable psychometric properties.

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Psychometric Properties of the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind Wandering Scales

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 878-890 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Marcusson-Clavertz ◽

Oscar N. E. Kjell

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Well Being ◽

Mind Wandering ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Psychological Variables

Abstract. Thinking about task-unrelated matters (mind wandering) is related to cognition and well-being. However, the relations between mind wandering and other psychological variables may depend on whether the former commence spontaneously or deliberately. The current two studies investigated the psychometric properties of the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind Wandering Scales (SDMWS; Carriere, Seli, & Smilek, 2013 ). Study 1 evaluated the stability of the scales over 2 weeks ( N = 284 at Time 1), whereas Study 2 ( N = 323) evaluated their relations to Generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, Openness, Social desirability, and experience-sampling reports of intentional and unintentional mind wandering during an online cognitive task. The results indicated that the SDMWS were better fitted with a two-factor than a one-factor solution, although the fit was improved with the exclusion of one item. The scales exhibited strong measurement invariance across gender and time, and moderately high test-retest reliability. Spontaneous mind wandering predicted Generalized anxiety disorder and experience-sampling reports of unintentional mind wandering, whereas Deliberate mind wandering predicted Openness and experience-sampling reports of intentional mind wandering. Furthermore, Spontaneous mind wandering showed a negative association with social desirability of weak-to-medium strength. In sum, the scales generally showed favorable psychometric properties.

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