Antihistamine Effects on the Central Nervous System, Cognitive Performance and Subjective States

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Tharion ◽  
Donna J. McMenemy ◽  
Terry M. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Subjective States

scholarly journals PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION POTENTIAL TO STUDYING AT THE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY IN RUSSIAN AND KAZAKH STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Victor Petrovich Maltsev ◽  
Zhanar Tuleutayevna Suyundikova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Female Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Aim. The Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education prescribes providing the educational process in accordance with the individual and typological features of students. The nature of adaptation shifts in students depends on ethnic, ecological, and morphological indicators determining the functional status of the body. Its functional status and functional abilities conditioned by academic and professional activities are determined by the cerebral process, which influences the efficiency of adaptation and cognitive performance in general. The article deals with studying the features of psychophysiological potential in Russian and Kazakh first-year female students during their adaptation to studying at the pedagogical university. Materials and methods. We conducted the diagnostics of the functional status of the central nervous system and cognitive performance in first-year female students at pedagogical universities. The average age of participants was 17.9 years. The total sample (n = 120) consisted of the Russian and Kazakh students living in Kostanay (Kazakhstan) and Chelyabinsk (Russia). A simple eye motor response (SEMR) and a complex eye motor response (CEMR) to a light stimulus were measured with the NS-Psychotest equipment. The calculated data are the following: the functional status of the system; response stability; level of functional abilities. These data were used as a basis for the assessment of cognitive performance in the participants of the study. Results. The results obtained characterize the neuro-dynamic basis of first-year students’ adaptation expressed in the average level of CNS activity, mobility of nervous processes, and optimal functional abilities. In the conditions of the average intragroup expression of the functional criteria of the central nervous system better cognitive processes for the processing of sensory information were revealed in students from Chelyabinsk compared to Kostanay. Conclusion. The analysis of the data obtained revealed the regional specifics of the average values of chronoreflexometry in first-year students, namely a significantly higher level of neural interaction and sensorimotor processing in first-year students from Chelyabinsk.

scholarly journals Cognition and inflammation: “the role of cytokines in cognitive performance”

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mauricio Cuartas Arias
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The interactions between the immune system and nervous system have been the focus of research in recent years. Perhaps due to the discovery and acknowledgement of the multiple functions that cytokines carry out in the central nervous system (CNS), going from mediators of neuropathologic processes to the degeneration and repair within the CNS.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

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