Computer-Based Prediction of Psychotropic Drug Classes Based on a Discriminant Analysis of Drug Effects on Rat Sleep

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gé S.F. Ruigt ◽  
Sylvia Engelen ◽  
Anton Gerrits ◽  
Frans Verbon
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Computer Based

Fundamental Psychotropic Drug Structures and Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
S. Nassir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Clinical Judgments ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Brain

A few basic ideas about fundamental psychotropic drug structures and mechanisms can be stated: Two drugs that are very similar in pharmacological structure can differ wildly in clinical effect. Two drugs that differ markedly in pharmacological structure can exert similar clinical effects. Understanding pharmacological structure is most useful for appreciating classification with similar agents structurally. Clinical conclusions should be based, however, on clinical confirmation or refutation of similarity of effect to other drugs in the same class. No a priori clinical judgments should be made based primarily on pharmacological structure. Structure is a beginning point to understand what drugs do, not the end. This chapter details the pharmacological structure of the main drug classes and specific agents within those drug classes. Similarities and differences of chemical structure are examined. Pharmacodynamic mechanisms of action in the brain, at the synapse and postsynaptically, are discussed.

In vivo efficacy of PF1022A and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists alone and in combination against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
pp. 1252-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL KULKE ◽  
JÜRGEN KRÜCKEN ◽  
ACHIM HARDER ◽  
RALPH KREBBER ◽  
KRISTINE FRAATZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Dose Dependent

SUMMARYThe cyclooctadepsipeptide PF1022A and the aminophenylamidines amidantel, deacylated amidantel (dAMD) and tribendimidine were tested as examples for drug classes potentially interesting for development as anthelmintics against human helminthiases. These compounds and levamisole were tested alone and in combination to determine their efficacy against the rat hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. After three oral treatments, intestinal worms were counted. Drug effects on parasite morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Plasma pharmacokinetics were determined for tribendimidine and dAMD. All drugs reduced worm burden in a dose-dependent manner, however amidantel was significantly less active than the other aminophenylamidines. Combinations of tribendimidine and dAMD with levamisole or PF1022A at suboptimal doses revealed additive effects. While PF1022A caused virtually no changes in morphology, levamisole, dAMD and tribendimidine caused severe contraction, particularly in the hind body region. Worms exposed to combinations of PF1022A and aminophenylamidines were indistinguishable from worms exposed only to aminophenylamidines. After oral treatment with tribendimidine, only the active metabolite dAMD was detectable in plasma and concentrations were not significantly different for oral treatment with dAMD. The results support further evaluation of cyclooctadepsipeptides alone and in combination with cholinergic drugs to improve efficacy. Combining these with registered drugs may help to prevent development of resistance.

Neurological Soft Signs and Psychopathology: Incidence in Diagnostic Groups

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Cox ◽  
Arnold M. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Summary In earlier studies the authors have reported impairments of cortical function in the parietal and frontal lobes of schizophrenic patients. In this study these results are pursued. The performance of different groups of psychiatric patients with respect to individual neurological soft signs rather than combined cortical function scores, was studied. The potential influence of psychotropic drugs on the significant findings was also analyzed. The results show that specific individual neurologic soft signs are significantly more frequently present in schizophrenics than in either controls or in other psychiatric groups. Additionally, there was no statistical evidence of psychotropic drug effects on the findings.

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